The Population Structure and Floral Biology of Amborella Trichopoda (Amborellaceae)

Thien, Leonard B.; Sage, Tammy L.; Jaffré, Tanguy; Bernhardt, Peter; Pontieri, Vincenza; Weston, Peter H.; Malloch, Dave; Azuma, Hiroshi; Graham, Sean W.; McPherson, Marc A.; Hardeep, S.; Sage, Rowan F.; Dupre, Jean-Louis

doi:10.2307/3298537

Cited by 80 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although the pollination modes of extant basal angiosperms have been summarized (23,29), these occurrences have not been compared with those found in basal eudicot and basal monocot families. Three groups of angiosperm families (refs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early steps of angiosperm–pollinator coevolution

Dilcher²,

Jarzen³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

181

118

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The hypothesis that early flowering plants were insect-pollinated could be tested by an examination of the pollination biology of basal angiosperms and the pollination modes of fossil angiosperms. We provide data to show that early fossil angiosperms were insect-pollinated. Eighty-six percent of 29 extant basal angiosperm families have species that are zoophilous (of which 34% are specialized) and 17% of the families have species that are wind-pollinated, whereas basal eudicot families and basal monocot families more commonly have wind and specialized pollination modes (up to 78%). Character reconstruction based on recent molecular trees of angiosperms suggests that the most parsimonious result is that zoophily is the ancestral state. Combining pollen ornamentation, size, and aperture characteristics and the abundance of single-species pollen clumps of Cenomanian angiospermdispersed pollen species from the Dakota Formation demonstrates a dominance of zoophilous pollination (76% versus 24% wind pollination). The zoophilous pollen species have adaptations for pollination by generalist insects (39%), specialized pollencollecting insects (27%), and other specialized pollinators (10%). These data quantify the presences of more specialized pollination modes during the mid-Cretaceous angiosperm diversification.Cretaceous ͉ pollen ͉ pollination biology ͉ floral evolution

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early steps of angiosperm–pollinator coevolution

Dilcher²,

Jarzen³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

181

118

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“…Entomophilous cheirolepidiaceous taxa became extinct during the Late Cretaceous, perhaps because they were at a disadvantage in the context of more efficient angiosperm insect pollination systems. For example, the presence of an intricate, inverted stigma-like structure at considerable distance from the micropyle but connected to it by a tubular structure that resulted in eventual pollination, may have been inefficient when compared to early angiosperm structures, such as simple stigmatic exudates secreted prior to anthesis (Frame, 2003a), small and perfect flowers with nectaries (Gottsberger, 1988;Thien & al., 2000), or even more complex floral mechanisms involving pollinator entrapment (Thien & al., 2003;Gandolfo & al, 2004). Similarly, but representing a different pollination pattern, entomophilous bennettitalean taxa were supplanted by more highly refined and host specific beetle (and thrips?)…”

Section: • Two Probable Mesozoic Pollination Syndromes On Gymnospermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalist flowers and phytophagous beetles in two tropical canopy trees: resources for multitudes

Ødegaard

Frame²

2007

TAXON

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Recent focus on plant-insect associations during the angiosperm radiation from the last 30 million years of the Early Cretaceous has inadvertently de-emphasized a similar but earlier diversification that occurred among gymnosperms. The existence of gymnosperm-insect associations during the preangiospermous Mesozoic is evidenced by mouthparts capable of reaching and imbibing pollination drops or similar fluids, availability of pollen types consistent with entomophily, and opportunities for related consumption of pollen, seeds, and reproductively associated tissues in major seed-plant groups, namely seed ferns, conifers, cycads, bennettitaleans, and gnetaleans. Based on stereotypical plant damage, head-adherent pollen, gut contents, wing structure, mouthpart morphology and insect damage to plant reproductive organs, the likely nectarivores, pollinivores and pollinators were orthopterans, phasmatodeans, webspinners, sawf lies and wasps, moths, beetles, mecopteroids, and true flies. These associations are ranked from possible to probable although the last three insect clades provide the strongest evidence for pollinator activity. We document two mid Cretaceous examples of these associations•cycadeoideaceous bennettitaleans and beetles and a cheirolepidiaceous conifer and flies•for which there are multiple lines of evidence for insect consumption of plant reproductive tissues but also pollination mutualisms. These data highlight the independent origin of a major phase of plant-insect pollinator-related associations during the mid Mesozoic that served as a prelude for the separate, iterative and later colonization of angiosperms.

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“…Interestingly, Thien et al (2003) performed a similar survey, and found an even greater male bias of approx. 1Á8:1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Dioecy inAmborella trichopoda:evidence for genetically based sex determination and its consequences for inferences of the breeding system in early angiosperms

Anger¹,

Fogliani²,

Scutt³

et al. 2017

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims This work aimed to gain insight into the breeding system at the base of living angiosperms through both character state reconstructions and the study of sex ratios and phenotypes in the likely sister to all other living angiosperms, Amborella trichopoda.Methods Sex phenotypes were mapped onto a phylogeny of basally diverging angiosperms using maximum parsimony. In parallel, sex ratios and phenotypes were studied over two consecutive flowering seasons in an ex situ population of A. trichopoda, while the sex ratio of an in situ population was also assessed.Key Results Parsimony analyses failed to resolve the breeding system present at the base of living angiosperms, but indicated the importance of A. trichopoda for the future elucidation of this question. The ex situ A. trichopoda population studied showed a primary sex ratio close to 1:1, though sex ratio bias was found in the in situ population studied. Instances of sexual instability were quantified in both populations.Conclusions Sex ratio data support the presence of genetic sex determination in A. trichopoda, whose further elucidation may guide inferences on the breeding system at the base of living angiosperms. Sexual instability in A. trichopoda suggests the operation of epigenetic mechanisms, and the evolution of dioecy via a gynodioecious intermediate.

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The Population Structure and Floral Biology of Amborella Trichopoda (Amborellaceae)

Cited by 80 publications

References 29 publications

Early steps of angiosperm–pollinator coevolution

Early steps of angiosperm–pollinator coevolution

Generalist flowers and phytophagous beetles in two tropical canopy trees: resources for multitudes

Dioecy inAmborella trichopoda:evidence for genetically based sex determination and its consequences for inferences of the breeding system in early angiosperms

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