The Position of the Artificial Intelligence Among the Elements of the Legal Relationship

Abstract

The development of artificial intelligence necessitates the legal regulation of social relations associated with the use of new technologies. Today, fragmented regulatory regulation is noted in Russian law, expressed, as the rule, in strategic documents in which artificial intelligence technologies are reflected as cross-cutting technologies that contribute to the development of the digital economy. The purpose of this work is to determine the place of artificial intelligence among the elements of legal relations, which is seen as necessary for building the model of legal regulation of artificial intelligence. The research methodology is based on the set of methods of scientific knowledge, including abstract logical, formal legal and the method of correlation analysis. The article analyzes approaches to determining the place of artificial intelligence in the structure of legal relations. The scientific discussion is that some authors attribute artificial intelligence to the variety of objects of legal regulation; other authors admit that it is possible to consider artificial intelligence as the specific subject of law. As the result of research, the authors come to the conclusion that today artificial intelligence should be classified as the type of objects of legal regulation. In conclusion, the work also evaluates the possibilities and measures of the participation of artificial intelligence in legal activities. The authors come to the conclusion that today the cognitive potential of artificial intelligence has not yet reached the level of development that allowed it to repeat the thought processes of the lawyer in resolving the legal dispute. At the same time, artificial intelligence has tremendous potential to become the irreplaceable technological “assistant” for the lawyer, contributing to the improvement of the quality and efficiency of legal services.

New technologies in law as a highly effective means of implementing the constitutional principle of equality in conditions of multi-level legal regulation

“…(Yastrebov, 2017;Morkhat, 2018). При этом другие авторы весьма осторожно предлагают в перспективе наделить искусственный интеллект особым статусом «электронного лица» либо рассматривать его как «квази-субъект права» (Vasiliev & Pechatnova, 2020).…”

Priorities of federal and regional legal policy in the field of digitalization

“…Однако искусственный интеллект по статусу может быть похож на юридические лица в том ключе, что является субъектом права фиктивно. Например, системы искусственного интеллекта могут иметь регистрацию; обладать материальной ценностью; его можно привлечь к юридической ответственности (например, в виде принудительного отключения или доработки программы, а также утилизации) (Laptev, 2019;Vasiliev & Pechatnova, 2020), то есть по сути обдать некоторыми признаками субъекта права. При этом юридическое лицо не материально, тогда как искусственный интеллект так или иначе имеет носитель, то есть материален.…”

“… рассматривать искусственный интеллект как «квази-субъект» права, то есть как субъект права, не обладающий полноценной правосубъектностью (Vasiliev & Pechatnova, 2020). А.А.…”

Artificial intelligence in justice: legal and psychological aspects of law enforcement

“…Such trust is provided with a real possibility of verifying the actions and decisions made with artificial intelligence by psychologically acceptable and legally formalized methods (external factors). The use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement in general and justice in particular is possible in two directions: (1) solving problems related to the approximation of specialized artificial intelligence systems in legal proceedings to human capabilities and their integration to enhance intelligence; (2) creating artificial intelligence, which is the integration of already created elements of artificial intelligence into a single system capable of participating in justice, but does not have the properties of free will and does not acquire legal personality. Law enforcement using artificial intelligence should com-ply with the principles enshrined in the European Ethical Charter on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Systems and their environment, the provisions of which should be implemented in domestic legislation, having previously been revised in accordance with the national legal tradition.…”