The positive effects of parents’ education level on children’s mental health in Indonesia: a result of longitudinal survey

Fakhrunnisak, Dian; Patria, Bhina

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13380-w

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In accordance with the present results, a longitudinal study in the Indonesian setting demonstrated that education positively affects mental health ( 25 ). However, the study focused on the effects of parental education attainment on their children's depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Even when a relationship is proven between two variables, the researcher cannot determine whether variable X is the cause of Y or vice versa. Only a few population studies on depression in Asian settings used longitudinal methods ( 17 , 25 , 26 ). However, those studies were not using cross-lagged panel analysis, which has the advantage of controlling the directionality of the relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The longitudinal effects of education on depression: Finding from the Indonesian national survey

Patria

2022

Front. Public Health

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A thorough and continuous investigation of the association between education and depression in Southeast Asia is critical, particularly in Indonesia, where depression is highly prevalent. Despite this, studies on education and depression mainly use a cross-sectional design alone, which cannot control the bidirectionality of the relationship. Therefore, this study investigated the longitudinal effects of education on depression symptoms, based on nationally representative survey data. This study used as its basis a longitudinal socioeconomic and health survey in Indonesia, the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). The survey collected data through face-to-face interviews with individual respondents and their families. The fourth and fifth waves of IFLS datasets were used in the analysis. A total number of 18,374 adult participants were included in the dataset. Depression symptoms were assessed based on a 10-item version of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) Scale. Education level was the highest level of education attained by the participants. A cross-lagged longitudinal model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) or analysis of covariance structure. The results showed that the model of education and depression fits the data well. The fit indices of the model, χ2 (1, N = 18,374) = 21.592, p = 0.001, RMSEA = 0.033, CFI =. 0999, fulfilled the requirements for a good fit. Meanwhile, further analysis of the cross-lagged model revealed that education predicted depression and not the other way around. The standardized regression weights showed that higher education attainment reduces the risk of depression later in life. This study asserts that educational attainment has longitudinal effects on depression. Therefore, expanding the policies surrounding educational opportunity may prevent the onset of depression. This is important, especially in the Indonesian context, where the prevalence of depression among adults is higher than the global average. Access to further education deserves continued consideration in research and policy discussions on mental health and educational system development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal effects of education on depression: Finding from the Indonesian national survey

Patria

2022

Front. Public Health

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“…In addition, we found that having a mother who only completed secondary school was significantly associated with depression symptoms compared to having a mother who only completed primary school. A longitudinal survey in Indonesia found that mothers' higher educational attainment was associated with increased depressive symptoms for their daughters but decreased symptoms for their sons (53). This association can potentially be explained by the finding that higher education may raise a mother's expectations of her children (54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Kenyan adolescents: Prevalence Rates and Associations with Socio-demographic and Psycho-social Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Osborn¹,

Brenda²,

Johnson³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Research dedicated to youth mental health problems in low – resource countries is an urgent and critical global health priority. Prior to COVID-19, only a handful of studies had estimated the prevalence rates of youth depression and anxiety and identified the associations between these problems with socio-demographic and psychosocial variables. As COVID-19 has emerged as a stressor for youth mental health, new studies on youth mental health during and post COVID-19 may yield important research, policy, and practice implications. Here, we assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and their associations with psychosocial and sociodemographic variables in a large sample of school-going youths in Kenya. Method: Measures of depression (PHQ-8) and anxiety (GAD-7), social support, perseverance, optimism, perceived control, connectedness, happiness, purpose in life, and gratitude were administered to 1,498 Kenyan adolescents (55.47% male) aged 13-to-21 years (M age = 16.33) in mid-2021 when schools re-opened after the COVID–19 school closures. Results: Some 42.46% and 37.56% youths met the clinical cut-off for elevated depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Adolescents whose academic performance was not satisfactory endorsed higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Female adolescents and those who lived with a single parent endorsed higher depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Subjective wellbeing and perceived control were negatively associated with depressive symptoms.Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among Kenyan adolescents has remained steady when compared to pre-pandemic studies. However, symptoms were high when compared to those of adolescents in other countries during COVID-19. This study also identified potential important risk and protective factors.

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“…Maternal educational attainment is a significant predictor of various family resources that strongly influence children's well‐being and maternal mental health (Jackson et al, 2017). Research suggests that mothers with higher levels of education tend to experience lower parenting anxiety and a greater sense of fulfillment, finding more joy and purpose in their roles, and mothers with low educational attainment are more at risk of experiencing MPD (Alonzi et al, 2021; Fakhrunnisak & Patria, 2022). This was also the case during the pandemic (Wei et al, 2021).…”

Section: Covid‐19 Impact On Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of pandemic‐related experiences and maternal psychological distress in maternal rejection

İplikçi,

İlgün,

Memisoglu‐Sanli

et al. 2023

Family Relations

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ObjectiveThe current study focuses on the indirect link between mothers' COVID‐19 pandemic‐related experiences of home chaos, pandemic‐related anxiety, social support, and perceived maternal rejection through maternal psychological distress (MPD).BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic had striking effects on families, and parents with school‐aged children were especially considered more at risk. Yet, the growing research documented negative and positive outcomes for the parent–child relationship.MethodIn this two‐wave study, data were collected before (January–February 2020) and during the pandemic (November–December 2020) from 318 Turkish mothers (Mage = 37.13, SD = 5.67) with predominantly low educational attainment and children in Grades 1 to 11 (Mage = 11.57, SD = 3.05). MPD and perceived maternal rejection were measured before and during the pandemic. Maternal pandemic‐related anxiety, mothers' perceived social support, and chaos in the home environment were measured only during the pandemic. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis.ResultsAfter pre‐pandemic MPD and perceived maternal rejection were controlled, MPD was positively associated with rejection during the pandemic. Pandemic‐related anxiety and home chaos, but not social support, predicted maternal rejection through MPD.ConclusionMothers' COVID‐19–related experiences were related to increased MPD, which also predicted increased maternal rejection as perceived by children.ImplicationsThe results should be considered in developing programs for mothers facing stressful circumstances. In particular, we recommend programs that promote equal role division in the family, which could support maternal well‐being, alleviate MPD, and improve the mother–child relationship.

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The positive effects of parents’ education level on children’s mental health in Indonesia: a result of longitudinal survey

Cited by 30 publications

References 67 publications

The longitudinal effects of education on depression: Finding from the Indonesian national survey

The longitudinal effects of education on depression: Finding from the Indonesian national survey

Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Kenyan adolescents: Prevalence Rates and Associations with Socio-demographic and Psycho-social Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Role of pandemic‐related experiences and maternal psychological distress in maternal rejection

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