“…The concept of PoP, a term first coined by Haberman (), highlights the impoverished pedagogical offer commonly made to children living in low SES urban contexts in the United States. Linked to Haberman's conceptualisation of PoP, research evidence from the United States (Belfiore et al, ; Thadani et al, ; Waxman et al, ; Waxman et al, ) and Australia (Mills & Gale, ; Hayes et al, ; Lingard, ; Smyth et al, ) suggests that pedagogy in low SES school contexts is likely to entail particularly strong teacher control where their role is to transmit knowledge to children who are positioned very passively. PoP requires student compliance in carrying out teacher‐set tasks, rather than developing creativity, critical thinking or problem‐solving, and focuses upon raising test scores in ‘basic skills’ in literacy and numeracy (Lingard, ).…”