The Possibility of a Liquid Superconductor

Edwards, Peter P.; Rao, C. N. R.; Kumar, Nitu; Alexandrov, A. S.

doi:10.1002/cphc.200600241

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…[2,3] After the first publication by Weyl, [4] it was later hypothesized [5] that the color change is due to the absorption of electrons which are trapped in cavities created by solvent molecules. Theoretical considerations by Ogg [6] supported this hypothesis and suggested that the individual electrons are self-trapped, or caged, in the solvent cavity, hence the "solvated electron."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Electrons in Ammonia Cages: The Discovery System of Solvation

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Zewail³

2008

ChemPhysChem

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Two centuries ago solvated electrons were discovered in liquid ammonia and a century later the concept of the solvent cage was introduced. Here, we report a real time study of the dynamics of size-selected clusters, n=20 to 60, of electrons in ammonia, and, for comparison, that of electrons in water cages. Unlike the water case, the observed dynamics for ammonia indicates the formation, through a 100 fs temperature jump, of a solvent collective motion in a 500 fs relaxation process. The agreement of the experimental results-obtained for a well-defined n, gated electron kinetic energy, and time delay-with molecular dynamics theory suggests the critical and different role of the kinetic energy and the librational motions involved in solvation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Electrons in Ammonia Cages: The Discovery System of Solvation

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Zewail³

2008

ChemPhysChem

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“…We think this discovery has two scientific meanings. One is that emergence of superconductivity arising from solvated electrons [6] was discussed from a viewpoint of bi-polaronic mechanism [7]. The other is that this new type of superconducting material opens up a new category of superconducting materials because light metal oxides have been regarded as typical insulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconductivity in room-temperature stable electride and high-pressure phases of alkali metals

Hosono

Kim

Matsuishi

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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S-band metals such as alkali and alkaline earth metals do not undergo a superconducting transition (SCT) at ambient pressure, but their high-pressure phases do. By contrast, room-temperature stable electride [Ca 24 Al 28 O 64 ] 4+ ⋅4e − (C12A7:e − ) in which anionic electrons in the crystallographic sub-nanometer-size cages have high s-character exhibits SCT at 0.2–0.4 K at ambient pressure. In this paper, we report that crystal and electronic structures of C12A7:e − are close to those of the high-pressure superconducting phase of alkali and alkaline earth metals and the SCT of both materials is induced when electron nature at Fermi energy ( E F ) switches from s- to sd-hybridized state.

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Once an alkali metal is dissolved in liquid ammonia, it immediately dissociates to give separated entities with unlike charges: the solvated ions and electrons. Many experiments have been performed and a large volume of experimental data have been accumulated ͑for a review, see Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature of the metal–nonmetal transition in metal–ammonia solutions. I. Solvated electrons at low metal concentrations

Chuev

Quemerais

Crain

2007

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Using a theory of polarizable fluids, we extend a variational treatment of an excess electron to the many-electron case corresponding to finite metal concentrations in metal-ammonia solutions (MAS). We evaluate dielectric, optical, and thermodynamical properties of MAS at low metal concentrations. Our semianalytical calculations based on a mean-spherical approximation correlate well with the experimental data on the concentration and temperature dependencies of the dielectric constant and the optical absorption spectrum. The properties are found to be mainly determined by the induced dipolar interactions between localized solvated electrons, which result in the two main effects: the dispersion attractions between the electrons and a sharp increase in the static dielectric constant of the solution. The first effect creates a classical phase separation for the light alkali metal solutes (Li, Na, K) below a critical temperature. The second effect leads to a dielectric instability, i.e., polarization catastrophe, which is the onset of metallization. The locus of the calculated critical concentrations is in a good agreement with the experimental phase diagram of Na-NH(3) solutions. The proposed mechanism of the metal-nonmetal transition is quite general and may occur in systems involving self-trapped quantum quasiparticles.

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The Possibility of a Liquid Superconductor

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Dynamics of Electrons in Ammonia Cages: The Discovery System of Solvation

Dynamics of Electrons in Ammonia Cages: The Discovery System of Solvation

Superconductivity in room-temperature stable electride and high-pressure phases of alkali metals

Nature of the metal–nonmetal transition in metal–ammonia solutions. I. Solvated electrons at low metal concentrations

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