The Possibility of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Independent Toxic Effects of<i>Cochlodinium polykrikoides</i>on Damselfish (<i>Chromis caerulea</i>)

Kim, Daekyung; Yamasaki, Yasuhiro; Yamatogi, Toshifumi; Yamaguchi, Kensei; Matsuyama, Yukihiko; Kang, Yang-Soon; Lee, Yoon; Oda, Tatsuya

doi:10.1271/bbb.80693

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…To measure the superoxide levels of C. marina and C. antiqua, chemiluminescence analysis using L-012 (Wako Pure Chemical Industry, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) as a superoxide-specific chemiluminescence probe was undertaken, as described previously. 31) Chemiluminescence responses of C. marina (40,000 cells/mL) and C. antiqua (20,000 cells/mL) were recorded for 30 s using a Bio-Orbit Luminometer (1254-001; Bio-Orbit Oy, Turku, Finland) after the addition of L-012 to each ruptured and live cell suspensions. Reaction mixtures consisted of 145 μL of each flagellate cell suspension, 50 μL of L-012 (10 μM), and either 5 μL of superoxide dismutase (SOD: Cu, Zn-SOD) solution (final concentration of 100 U/mL) or 5 μL of ESM medium.…”

Section: Measurement Of the Superoxide Anion (O 2 −mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on the fish-killing activities of Chattonella marina isolated in 1985 and Chattonella antiqua isolated in 2010, and their possible toxic factors

Cho

Sakamoto

Noda

et al. 2016

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Chattonella antiqua isolated in 2010 showed extremely more potent fish-killing activities against red sea bream, Japanese horse mackerel, and blue damselfish than those of Chattonella marina isolated in 1985. Chemiluminescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses suggested greater reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing activity of C. antiqua than that of C. marina. Sodium benzoate, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, significantly suppressed the fish-killing activity of C. antiqua on blue damselfish. The chlorophyll level in the gill tissue of blue damselfish exposed to flagellate cells increased along with the exposure time, and the cell count of gill-associated C. antiqua estimated with chlorophyll level was higher than that of C. marina. These results suggest that the ROS-producing activity and affinity of Chattonella cells to the gill surface may be important factors influencing the fish-killing activity of Chattonella species.

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Section: Measurement Of the Superoxide Anion (O 2 −mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on the fish-killing activities of Chattonella marina isolated in 1985 and Chattonella antiqua isolated in 2010, and their possible toxic factors

Cho

Sakamoto

Noda

et al. 2016

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Measurement of the superoxide anion (O 2 À ) was carried out by the chemiluminescence method using L-012 (8-amino-5-chloro-7-phenylpyrido [3,4-d] pyridazine-1,4-(-2H,3H) dione sodium salt) (Wako, Osaka, Japan) as superoxide-specific chemiluminescent probe, as previously described. 5,17) L-012 was dissolved in distilled water and stored at À80 C until use. After the addition of L-012 to a phytoplankton cell suspension, the chemiluminescence response was recorded immediately with a Bio-Orbit Luminometer (1254-001, Bio-Orbit Oy, Turku, Finland).…”

Section: Measurement Of the Superoxide Anion (O 2 àmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the toxic mechanisms of HAB species, direct exposure experiments against fish or shellfish have been conducted. [2][3][4][5] However, such exposure experiments generally require special animal-rearing facilities and massculture of phytoplankton. Beyond that, bioassays using living marine organisms require complex, time-consuming procedures, and it is difficult to obtain reproducible quantitative results.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of LDH-Release Assay to Cellular-Level Evaluation of the Toxic Potential of Harmful Algal Species

Zou

Kim

Yagi

et al. 2013

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-release assay was applied to estimate the toxic potential of harmful algal species at the cellular level. African green monkey kidney (Vero), yellowtail fin epithelia (MJF), and rainbow trout gill (RTgill-W1) cells were used as target cells. A live cell suspension of Karenia mikimotoi (SUO-1) induced the release of LDH from these cell lines, while the activity of another strain, FUK, was much lower. The cell-free culture supernatants and ruptured cell suspensions of both strains of K. mikimotoi were less effective on LDH-release assay. Exposure experiments against abalone and shrimp revealed that SUO-1 showed much stronger lethal effects on these organisms than FUK. Among six phytoplankton species, three species known to be harmful algal species induced the release of LDH to different extents depending on the cell line, whereas the other three species, known to be non-toxic, showed no effects on any cell lines. These results suggest that LDH-release assay is a useful micro-plate assay for estimation of the toxic potential of harmful phytoplankton.

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“…Other raphidophycean flagellates, such as Heterosigma akashiwo , Olisthodiscus luteus and Fagus japonica , were also found to produce ROS, and the generation of ROS seemed to be a common feature of raphidophycean flagellates [ 27 , 42 , 43 ]. Several lines of evidence suggested that some HAB species, including K. mikimotoi , produced ROS, such as superoxide anion (O 2 − ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and hydroxyl radical (OH − ) and that these ROS might be involved in HAB-linked fish mortalities [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. In the present study, to ascertain whether such an ROS-mediated toxic mechanism was responsible for the toxic mechanism of K. mikimotoi , bioassay experiments using B. plicatilis in the presence and absence of radical scavengers were conducted to detect ROS in K. mikimotoi .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Marine Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as an Endpoint to Evaluate Whether ROS-Dependent Hemolytic Toxicity Is Involved in the Allelopathy Induced by Karenia mikimotoi

Sun³

et al. 2018

Toxins

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The toxic effects of the typically noxious bloom-forming dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi were studied using the allelopathic experimental system under controlled laboratory conditions. The potency of intact cell suspensions with whole cells, cell-free culture filtrate in different growth phases, and lysed cells with ultrasonication were compared, and the growth and reproduction of the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were used as endpoints to evaluate toxic differences. The intact cell suspension resulted the most significant growth inhibition, including lethality, on the growth of B. plicatilis (p < 0.05). Lysed culture medium treated with ultrasonication and the cell-free culture filtrates at either the exponential or stationary phase exhibited limited negative impacts compared to the control according to changes in the population growth rate (r) and survival rate (p > 0.05). Reproduction presented a similar tendency to change, and the number of eggs produced per individual, as well as spawning period decreased in the whole cell and lysed cell suspensions. The key parameters in the lift table include the net reproductive rate (R0) and the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), which were more sensitive to treatment and were significantly suppressed compared to that of the control. The addition of the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could not change the growth or reproduction patterns. Moreover, substantial hemolytic toxicity was found in the treatment of the intact cell suspension (p < 0.05), while limited toxicity was found in other treatments compared to that of the control. K. mikimotoi was speculated to secrete allelopathic substances onto the cell surface, and direct cell contact was necessary for allelopathic toxicity in B. plicatilis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent hemolytic toxicity was assumed to be the explanation for what was observed.

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The Possibility of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Independent Toxic Effects ofCochlodinium polykrikoideson Damselfish (Chromis caerulea)

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Comparative studies on the fish-killing activities of Chattonella marina isolated in 1985 and Chattonella antiqua isolated in 2010, and their possible toxic factors

Comparative studies on the fish-killing activities of Chattonella marina isolated in 1985 and Chattonella antiqua isolated in 2010, and their possible toxic factors

Application of LDH-Release Assay to Cellular-Level Evaluation of the Toxic Potential of Harmful Algal Species

Using the Marine Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as an Endpoint to Evaluate Whether ROS-Dependent Hemolytic Toxicity Is Involved in the Allelopathy Induced by Karenia mikimotoi

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