The possibility of semiconductor–metal transition in a spherical quantum dot

Reuben, A. Merwyn Jasper D.; Varshney, Dinesh; Jayakumar, K.

doi:10.1007/s10910-013-0183-2

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Figure 1(a) shows the demand for silver in each sector [10]. Electrodeposited gold is widely used in the electronics industries, such as in hardware and circuits for computer applications, telecommunications, and, most importantly, aerospace applications [11][12][13][14][15]. Apart from that, they are also used in automotive sectors, biomedical applications, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of various non-cyanide electroplating baths for the production of silver and gold coatings

Satpathy

Jena

Das

et al. 2023

International Materials Reviews

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Cyanide-based baths are generally used industrially to produce silver and gold coatings via electroplating. Baths containing ([Au(CN) 2 ] − ) and ([Ag(CN) 2 ] − ) are used for the deposition of gold and silver coatings, respectively. However, due to the severe toxicity, the technical personnel involved in work are at risk. Additionally, the disposal of cyanide-containing wastes poses a significant threat to the environment as they pollute various natural resources. The coatings produced from alkaline cyanide-based baths cause embrittlement of electronic circuit patterns. Due to these reasons, many cyanide-free baths have started to replace the existing cyanide-based baths. In the cyanide-free baths, the primary cyanide complexing agent is replaced with eco-friendly alternative compounds like sulphite, thiosulphate, thiourea, DMH, EDTA, and ionic liquids (ILs). This review article provides an overview of the various cyanide-free electroplating baths available for electroplating silver and gold that are either used for commercial practice or are developed for laboratory-scale use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%