The Possible Importance of Silicon in Marine Eutrophication

Officer, CB; Ryther, J. H.

doi:10.3354/meps003083

Cited by 477 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The mean concentration of silicate in the upper layer also showed a temporary decrease at the end of the mixing period on 17 May 2006 (1.27 mM) and at the start of the stratification period on 07 June 2007 (3.18 mM) (Fig. 3C), and previous studies have proposed that the concentration of silicate may play a role in controlling the succession of phytoplankton assemblages (Officer & Ryther 1980). This phenomenon also occurred following the typhoons on 28 September 2006, 16 August 2007 and 04 October 2007.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Nutrient distribution and effects on phytoplankton assemblages in the western Korea/Tsushima Strait

Jang

Shin

Baek

et al. 2013

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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In this study, we investigated the relationship between seasonal/annual variation in water masses and nutrients, and the effects of nutrients on phytoplankton assemblages in the western Korea/ Tsushima Strait. We collected water samples at least once per month from March 2006 to January 2008. There was seasonal variation in nutrient concentrations, with higher values in winter than in summer, and there was annual variation in chlorophyll-a concentration and phytoplankton abundance during spring, with values being approximately three and 10 times higher, respectively, in 2007 than in 2006. Phytoplankton abundance was also approximately four times higher in 2007 than in 2006 during the stratification periods. Our findings suggest that when the supply of nutrients to the upper layer is increased as a result of the Tsushima Warm Water Current and the effect of typhoons, they regulate the abundance and composition of phytoplankton assemblages in the Korea/Tsushima Strait, inducing a succession from flagellates to diatoms.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Nutrient distribution and effects on phytoplankton assemblages in the western Korea/Tsushima Strait

Jang

Shin

Baek

et al. 2013

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…Increased N and P concentrations relative to Si concentrations and decreased Si flux due to river regulation have shifted ecosystems dominated by siliceous phytoplankton or diatoms to those dominated by non-siliceous algae or flagellate communities (e.g. Officer and Ryther, 1980;Egge and Aksnes, 1992;Turner et al, 1998;Billen and Garnier, 2007). Oceanic Si limitations have been seen in the eastern equatorial Pacific and North Atlantic as well as in coastal communities that have experienced eutrophication problems due to increased N and/or P loads relative to Si loads (Ragueneau et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration–discharge relationships reflect chemostatic characteristics of US catchments

Godsey

Kirchner

Clow

2009

Hydrological Processes

693

942

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Abstract:Concentration-discharge relationships have been widely used as clues to the hydrochemical processes that control runoff chemistry. Here we examine concentration-discharge relationships for solutes produced primarily by mineral weathering in 59 geochemically diverse US catchments. We show that these catchments exhibit nearly chemostatic behaviour; their stream concentrations of weathering products such as Ca, Mg, Na, and Si typically vary by factors of only 3 to 20 while discharge varies by several orders of magnitude. Similar patterns are observed at the inter-annual time scale. This behaviour implies that solute concentrations in stream water are not determined by simple dilution of a fixed solute flux by a variable flux of water, and that rates of solute production and/or mobilization must be nearly proportional to water fluxes, both on storm and inter-annual timescales. We compared these catchments' concentration-discharge relationships to the predictions of several simple hydrological and geochemical models. Most of these models can be forced to approximately fit the observed concentration-discharge relationships, but often only by assuming unrealistic or internally inconsistent parameter values. We propose a new model that also fits the data and may be more robust. We suggest possible tests of the new model for future studies. The relative stability of concentration under widely varying discharge may help make aquatic environments habitable. It also implies that fluxes of weathering solutes in streams, and thus fluxes of alkalinity to the oceans, are determined primarily by water fluxes. Thus, hydrology may be a major driver of the ocean-alkalinity feedback regulating climate change.

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“…Diatoms are the most probable competitors, because their growth rate usually exceeds one division a day, while most harmful algae grow at a rate of one division a day at most. 3) Since growth of the diatoms is enhanced under balanced supply of phosphate and silicates with nitrate/ammonia, 4,5) additional enrichment of phosphate and/or silicates is required to turn the hyper-nitrogenous environments into healthy ones. Growing healthy diatoms are easily linked to grazing food chain 6,7) so that such an enrichment would be an effective way to work a nitrogen cycle regularly in the coastal environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Steelmaking Slag Addition on Growth of Marine Phytoplankton

2003

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Culture experiments of a natural phytoplankton assemblage collected from coastal surface water and a mono-specifically cultured diatom were conducted to investigate the possibility of steelmaking slags to use as a nutrient resource for marine phytoplankton. Two kinds of slags, a decarburization slag and a dephosphorous slag, were tested in batch cultures under freely drifting pH. Leaching experiment to determine dissolution of nutrient elements from the slags demonstrated that phosphate and reactive silicate are released into seawater, while rate of their dissolutions does not simply depend on amount of the slags. Excess addition of the slags (3 300 mg/l ) decreased phosphate in the seawater probably due to precipitation with calcium of main component of the slags. Growth of natural phytoplankton assemblage was evidently enhanced by addition of the slags at 33 mg/l. However, excess addition (3 300 mg/l ) suppressed the growth of phytoplankton due to not only decreased phosphate and silicate but also increased pH to 10. This shift to alkaline might decrease considerably solubility of iron (essential nutrient for phytoplankton growth), although organic ligands existed. These results indicate that slag enrichment would be effective at a lower dose to avoid pH increase. Although in our study 33 mg/l was confirmed to be the best dose, solubility of the elements and pH increase might be different with different slags. Therefore, the best dose should be determined for each slag before application.

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The Possible Importance of Silicon in Marine Eutrophication

Cited by 477 publications

References 30 publications

Nutrient distribution and effects on phytoplankton assemblages in the western Korea/Tsushima Strait

Nutrient distribution and effects on phytoplankton assemblages in the western Korea/Tsushima Strait

Concentration–discharge relationships reflect chemostatic characteristics of US catchments

Effects of Steelmaking Slag Addition on Growth of Marine Phytoplankton

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