The Possible Role of Mycotoxins in the Pathogenesis of Endometrial Cancer

Unicsovics, Márkó; Molnár, Zsófia; Mézes, Miklós; Posta, Katalin; Nagyéri, György; Várbíró, Szabolcs; Ács, Nándor; Sára, Levente; Szőke, Zsuzsanna

doi:10.3390/toxins16060236

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

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Impact of Mycotoxins and Glyphosate residue on the Gut Microbiome and Resistome of European Fallow Deer

Tóth,

Nagy,

Lakatos

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Mycotoxins and herbicides residue significant threats to animal health. This study investigated the impact of these toxins on the gut microbiome of the fallow deer, a valuable game species. We analyzed the intestinal contents of deer exposed to varying levels of zearalenone (ZEA) and other mycotoxins and toxic compounds such as aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1 and glyphosate residues. Metagenomic analysis revealed significant alterations in the bacterial community composition, particularly in the abundance of specific taxa. Higher ZEA levels were associated with decreased alpha diversity, whereas higher aflatoxin levels had the opposite effect. We also observed changes in the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), suggesting a potential link between mycotoxin exposure and antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, five complete bacterial genomes were assembled from the metagenomic data. These findings highlight the complex interplay between environmental toxins, the gut microbiota, and animal health. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the negative effects of toxin exposure on wildlife populations.

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Impact of Mycotoxins and Glyphosate residue on the Gut Microbiome and Resistome of European Fallow Deer

Tóth,

Nagy,

Lakatos

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Sex- and Gender-Specific Considerations in Mycotoxin Screening: Assessing Differential Exposure, Health Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies

Thenuwara,

Javed,

Singh

et al. 2024

Microbiology Research

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Mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi, present significant health risks through contaminated food and feed. Despite broad documentation of their general impacts, emerging research highlights the requirement of addressing both sex- and gender-specific differences in the risk of exposure, susceptibility, and health outcomes in mycotoxin screening and mitigation strategies. Distinct biological (sex-based) and sociocultural (gender-based) factors can influence the risk of mycotoxin exposure and subsequent health impacts; women may for example exhibit specific exposures to certain mycotoxins due to physiological and hormonal differences, with increased risks during critical life stages such as pregnancy and lactation. Conversely, men may demonstrate distinct metabolic and immune responses to these toxins. Socioeconomic and cultural factors also contribute to gender-specific exposure risks, including occupational exposures, dietary habits, and healthcare access. Current mycotoxin screening methodologies and regulatory frameworks often disregard these sex and gender disparities, resulting in incomplete risk assessments and suboptimal public health interventions. This review addresses the incorporation of sex- and gender-specific data into mycotoxin research, the development of advanced screening techniques, and the implementation of targeted mitigation strategies. Addressing these sex and gender differences is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of mycotoxin management policies and safeguarding public health. Future research directions and policy recommendations are discussed to promote a more comprehensive and practical approach to mycotoxin risk assessment and control.

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The Potential Influence of the Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Follicular Fluid on Reproductive Outcomes

Szentirmay,

Molnár,

Plank

et al. 2024

Toxins

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The effect of mycotoxin exposure on follicular fluid composition and reproductive outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) was investigated in this study. Twenty-five patients were included, and follicular fluid and serum samples were analysed for various mycotoxins. Principal observations:1. Mycotoxin presence: All examined mycotoxins were detected in follicular fluid. Follicular fluid (ff) levels: Deoxynivalenol (DON), alfa-Zearalenol (α-ZOL), Zearalenone (ZEN), and total aflatoxin (AFs) were significantly higher in follicular fluid than in serum. 2. Follicular fluid and reproductive outcomes: A positive correlation was observed between the ratio of oocytes to total follicles and the follicular Fumonisin B1 (FB1) levels. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between DON and T-2/HT-2 toxins (T2/HT2) levels in the follicular fluid. 3. Hormone levels: Follicular 17-beta estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were higher than the serum levels. Follicular P4 correlated with serum P4 and Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. In contrast, follicular E2 did not correlate with plasma E2 levels. 4. Mycotoxin–hormone interactions: A positive correlation was observed between follicular P4 and T2/HT2 toxin levels, whereas a negative correlation was found between ffE2 and ffT2/HT2, and a positive correlation was found between ZEN and E2. Conclusion: This study elucidated the presence of various mycotoxins in the follicular fluid and their potential influence on reproductive outcomes. Further research is warranted to clarify the specific mechanisms underlying these effects and develop strategies for detecting mycotoxin exposure in women undergoing IVF.

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The Possible Role of Mycotoxins in the Pathogenesis of Endometrial Cancer

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Impact of Mycotoxins and Glyphosate residue on the Gut Microbiome and Resistome of European Fallow Deer

Impact of Mycotoxins and Glyphosate residue on the Gut Microbiome and Resistome of European Fallow Deer

Sex- and Gender-Specific Considerations in Mycotoxin Screening: Assessing Differential Exposure, Health Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies

The Potential Influence of the Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Follicular Fluid on Reproductive Outcomes

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