The potency of Chloropyrifos and Camphor extract on Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.)

Abstract

The biological and biochemical effects chloropyrifos, camphor extract and their combination were studied against the 4 th instars of Spodoptera littoralis under semi-field conditions. The results indicated that the LC 50 for chloropyrifos was 0.08 ppm and 13.3 x 10 3 ppm for the camphor extract. The estimated Co-toxicity factor was 13.2 So, there is an additive effect between camphor oil and chloropyrifos against S. littoralis.Oil extract of camphor prolonged larval and pupal duration also the same effect happened when using mixture of camphor extract and chloropyrifos. This prolongation was accompanied with a reduction in pupal weight of the treated larvae. While when using chloropyrifos only the larval and pupal duration were shortened Also % of pupation and % of adult emergence were more decrease in plant extract and insecticide mixture than each compound alone.Biochemical studies showed that, total protein content of larval instars decreased by 31, 26 and 13.5 % for camphor extract, chloropyrifos and its combination, respectively. Also, the activity of acid phosphatase, α-esterase was significantly decreased. Where the alkaline phosphatase, activity increased When compared with control.

Some Toxicological and Physiological Aspects Induced by Camphor oil, Cinnamomum Camphora on the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

“…They also found that camphor oil did not affect the number of total lipids in S. littoralis larvae in contrast with the present study that showed a significant reduction in the number of total lipids. In the present study, the camphor oil caused a significant reduction in the total protein content; this was in agreement with Osman et al, (2012) who found that total protein content decreased in the 4 th larval instar of S.littoralis when treated with camphor oil. The same result was obtained by Fetoh et al, (2013) who investigated total protein in S. littoralis larvae which was significantly decreased after treatment with camphor extract.…”

Binary Action of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl and Methoprene on the Larval Biochemistry of Almond Moth, Ephestia Cautella Walker (Lepidoptera:pyralidae)

“…In addition, exposure of chlorosan (chloropyrifos 24% + cypermethrin 5%), engeo (thiamethoxam 14.1% + lambda-cyclithrin 10.6%), cygron (flufenoxuron 3% + alpha-cypermethrin7%) and feroban (chloropyrifos 47.5% + lufenuron 2.5%) caused significant reduction in total protein level in the larva of S. littoralis 26 . Our present findings are in accordance with the above results as reported in case of S. littoralis 26,28,50 . It appears that reduction in protein level in haemolymph and fat body, in the present study, may be due to the insecticidal ( chlorpyrifos-methyl+ methoprin ) inhibition of amino acid incorporation into protein, as reported in case of Triatoma infestans 1 in relation to higher DDT concentration.…”

“…On the contrary, lower DDT concentrations increased the protein content of Triatoma infestans by enhancing the amino acid incorporation into protein while higher DDT concentrations inhibited the amino acid incorporation into protein causing adverse effect on protein biosynthesis 1 . Application of a mixture of chlorpyrifos and camphor extract significantly decreased the total protein level by 13.5% in the larva of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis while this level was reduced to 31 and 26% following the exposure of camphor extract and chlorpyrifos repectively 50,28 . In addition, exposure of chlorosan (chloropyrifos 24% + cypermethrin 5%), engeo (thiamethoxam 14.1% + lambda-cyclithrin 10.6%), cygron (flufenoxuron 3% + alpha-cypermethrin7%) and feroban (chloropyrifos 47.5% + lufenuron 2.5%) caused significant reduction in total protein level in the larva of S. littoralis 26 .…”

“…The present compound and metabolite are excreted primarily in the urine and faeces and are not stored to any extent in the body 42 . It has lower mammalian toxicity, LD 50 (oral, rat) 3000 mg/kg. Its limited environmental persistence and lack of cross resistance makes chlorpyrifos-methyl a more attractive prospect than DDT for indoor residual spraying 68 (Tomlin, 2000).…”

A Laboratory Study of the Toxicity of Indoxacarb Mixtures against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…This bioactivation is done by esterase enzymes (Alves et al 2008). Chlorpyrifos was found to increase the activity of esterases in S. littoralis (Osman et al 2012). This increased activity might increase the bioactivation rate of indoxacarb which might be the explanation of the strong potentiation effect shown in the I/Ch mixture (Table 3, Fig.…”