This study addresses the evolving challenges in infrastructure development by exploring recent advancements in civil engineering materials. The problem lies in the limitations of traditional materials such as concrete and steel, which, while foundational, may not fully meet the demands of modern construction in terms of sustainability, durability, and resilience. The objective of this review is to assess the role and impact of both traditional and emerging materials, including supplementary cementitious materials, nanotechnology-based materials, and novel reinforcement options, on the performance and sustainability of infrastructure. The scope of the study includes an analysis of the performance characteristics, applications, and limitations of these materials. It also covers the integration of recycled materials, geopolymer-based composites, and biomimetic materials as viable, sustainable alternatives. The review further highlights the significance of functional materials for enhanced performance and energy efficiency and examines advancements in materials testing and evaluation techniques. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, synthesizing findings from recent studies to identify key trends, challenges, and research gaps in the field. Results indicate that these advanced materials contribute significantly to improving the sustainability, durability, and resilience of construction projects. However, the study also identifies existing research gaps, particularly in the long-term performance and large-scale application of these materials. The conclusion emphasizes the potential of these innovations to transform civil engineering by creating more robust, sustainable, and efficient infrastructure. Recommendations include continued research and development efforts to address identified knowledge gaps, fostering innovation, and adapting to the rapidly changing demands of the built environment.
