The Potency of Moringa oleifera Lam. as Protective Agent in Cardiac Damage and Vascular Dysfunction

Abstract

Cardiac damage and vascular dysfunction due to underlying diseases, such as hypertension and cardiac thrombosis, or side effects from certain drugs may lead to critical illness conditions and even death. The phytochemical compounds in natural products are being prospected to protect the heart and vascular system from further damage. Moringa genus is a subtropical tree native to Asia and Africa, which includes 13 species; Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) is the most cultivated for its beneficial uses. MO is also known as the “miracle tree” because it has been used traditionally as a food source and medicine to treat various diseases such as anemia, diabetes, and infectious or cardiovascular diseases. The phytochemical compounds identified in MO with functional activities associated with cardiovascular diseases are N,α-L-rhamnopyranosyl vincosamide, isoquercetin, quercetin, quercetrin, and isothiocyanate. This study aims to investigate the potency of the phytochemical compounds in MO as a protective agent to cardiac damage and vascular dysfunction in the cardiovascular disease model. This is a scoping review by studying publications from the reputed database that assessed the functional activities of MO, which contribute to the improvement of cardiac and vascular dysfunctions. Studies show that the phytochemical compounds, for example, N,α-L-rhamnopyranosyl vincosamide and quercetin, have the molecular function of antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. These lead to improving cardiac contractility and protecting cardiac structural integrity from damage. These compounds also act as natural vasorelaxants and endothelium protective agents. Most of the studies were conducted on in vivo studies; therefore, further studies should be applied in a clinical setting.

Starch-Based Hydrogel Nanoparticles Loaded with Polyphenolic Compounds of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Have Hepatoprotective Activity in Bisphenol A-Induced Animal Models

“…Moringa oleifera Lam (MOL) contains many bioactive and antioxidants materials which may overcome oxidative stress and degenerating diseases [ 11 , 12 ]. Moringa oleifera Lam leaves have many biological activities that can be used in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases [ 13 ], such as immune boosting agent and hypotension [ 14 ], cholesterol lowering, diuretic and antiulcer properties [ 15 ] and antioxidant activity [ 16 ]. These properties are mostly useful for protecting the liver against hepatotoxin-induced toxicity [ 17 ].…”

Vincosamide Has a Function for Inhibiting Malignant Behaviors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

“…Many studies have shown that Vinco has anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and anti-proliferative effects in vitro [1,7,[24][25][26]; and Vinco also has cytotoxic, anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-bactericidal activities [2,[27][28][29] and with potential therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes [30]. Evidence indicated Vinco as protective agent in cardiac damage and vascular dysfunction [31]. Some investigations over the past three decades have indicated that Vinco inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells and promoted their apoptosis [3,5], and that it antagonized cardiotoxicity that induced by doxorubicin in rats in vitro and in vivo [10,31].…”

“…Evidence indicated Vinco as protective agent in cardiac damage and vascular dysfunction [ 31 ]. Some investigations over the past three decades have indicated that Vinco inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells and promoted their apoptosis [ 3 , 5 ], and that it antagonized cardiotoxicity that induced by doxorubicin in rats in vitro and in vivo [ 10 , 31 ]. These evidences indicated that Vinco played a complex role in regulating anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities and antagonizing cardiotoxicity; it also has a capacity to inhibit the growth of cancer cells.…”

An insight into the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects and mechanisms of Moringa oleifera

“…Within a short period, GR was rapidly distributed to tissue with high blood flow, such as the spleen, heart and kidney. A very slight amount was distributed to brain, liver, and lung implying that the distribution may be influenced by the perfusion rate of the organs ( Li et al, 2019b ; Alia et al, 2022 ). Additionally, the presence of GR in the brain tissue demonstrates its potential to cross the BBB.…”

“…The LD 50 of ethanol extract was 39,600 mg/kg, and the aqueous extract at 16,100 mg/kg, which was within the safe range ( Kasolo et al, 2012 ). An evaluation of sub-acute toxicity on Swiss albino rats revealed that ethanol solvent was safer as compared to aqueous ( Alia et al, 2022 ). Sub-acute administration of M. oleifera aqueous extracts at 16,100 mg/kg demonstrated mild signs of organ toxicity, such as an increase in the concentrations of white blood cells, potassium ions (K + ), chloride ions (Cl − ), and calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) and a rise in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase.…”