The potential ameliorative impacts of cerium oxide nanoparticles against fipronil-induced hepatic steatosis

Abstract

Fipronil (FIP) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is commonly used in agricultural and veterinary fields for controlling a wide range of insects, but it is a strong environmentally toxic substance. Exposure to FIP has been reported to increase the hepatic fat accumulation through altered lipid metabolism, which ultimately can contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. The present study aimed to examine the function of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) in protecting against hepatotoxicity and lipogenesis induced by FIP. Twenty-eight male albino rats were classified into four groups: FIP (5 mg/kg/day per os), CTR, CeNPs (35 mg/kg/day p.o.), and FIP + CeNPs (5 (FIP) + 35 (CeNPs) mg/kg/day p.o.) for 28 consecutive days. Serum lipid profiles, hepatic antioxidant parameters and pathology, and mRNA expression of adipocytokines were assessed. The results revealed that FIP increased cholesterol, height-density lipoprotein, triacylglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-c) concentrations. It also increased nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) hepatic levels and reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities. Additionally, FIP up-regulated the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP), acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α). Immunohistochemically, a strong proliferation of cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) reactions in the endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids, and increased expression of caspase3 were observed following FIP intoxication. FIP also caused histological changes in hepatic tissue. The CeNPs counteracted the hepatotoxic effect of FIP exposure. So, this study recorded an ameliorative effect of CeNPs against FIP-induced hepatotoxicity.

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: A New Therapeutic Tool in Liver Diseases

“…The oral administration of CeO 2 NPs (<25 nm) also protected albino rats against hepatotoxicity induced by fipronil. The effects included reduction in the hepatic levels of MDA and nitric oxide, and also an improvement in the hepatic activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase [ 86 ].…”

Nanopesticides in Agriculture: Benefits and Challenge in Agricultural Productivity, Toxicological Risks to Human Health and Environment

“…In vivo tests have confirmed the in vitro observation and showed that fipronil is a risk factor in vertebrate reproduction [86]. The long-term exposure to toxic agrochemicals causes bioaccumulation of fatty acid in hepatic cells, leading to fibrosis and hepatitis [87]. The accumulation of ROS has a critical role in the hepatic and is responsible for inflammation in the liver cause hepatic tissue injuries [88].…”

“…A study to examine the beneficial impact of fipronil-cerium oxide nanoparticles on hepatic tissue was evaluated in vivo. The results proved that cerium oxide nanoparticles had avoided the inflammation process in rats' blood, reducing the bioaccumulation of fatty acids and reducing liver damage [87].…”

The use of cerium oxide nanoparticles in liver disorders: A double‐sided coin?

“…Most of the reviewed studies have reported the ability of CeO 2 NPs to reduce hepatic fibrosis/steatosis, alleviate hepatocellular damage, restore liver tissue architecture, normalize portal pressure, enhance hepatocytic regeneration, and among many others. Different laboratory biomarkers were used to prove the therapeutic/prophylactic impact of CeO 2 NPs, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and bilirubin 9,42,43,46,47 In addition, indicators for lipid peroxidation (e.g., MDA and NO) and antioxidant enzymes (e.g., glutathione and SOD) were also used to verify the mechanism of improvement seen on the histological level 45,47,48 …”

“…• Reduced serum alphaprotein levels. (Continues) also used to verify the mechanism of improvement seen on the histological level 45,47,48 In terms of hepatic steatosis, most findings demonstrated that attenuation of pathological lipid peroxidation, after the administration of CeO 2 NPs, has reduced the damaging influence of ROS on the liver tissue. CeO 2 NPs were also found to prevent/reduce steatosis by interfering with the adipogenic pathway by reducing the transcription of genes involved in adipogenesis, and by hindering lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.…”