The potential and problems of volumetric 3D modeling in archaeological stratigraphic analysis: A case study from Chlorakas-Palloures, Cyprus

Gavryushkina, Marina

doi:10.1016/j.daach.2021.e00184

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Multiple pieces of proprietary software have been developed allowing almost automated mapping workflows, from acquisition to analysis of mapping results, for archaeological applications. Common issues that arise when using these pieces of software include the automated alignment of visual image frames captured out of specific timeframes, the alignment of small thermal images that lack sufficient variability, and the time-consuming 3D reconstruction for spatial analysis [45].…”

Section: Drone-based Archaeological Aerial Monitoring Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Service Drones for Multimodal Detection and Monitoring of Archaeological Sites

et al. 2021

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Constant detection and monitoring of archaeological sites and objects have always been an important national goal for many countries. The early identification of changes is crucial to preventive conservation. Archaeologists have always considered using service drones to automate collecting data on and below the ground surface of archaeological sites, with cost and technical barriers being the main hurdles against the wide-scale deployment. Advances in thermal imaging, depth imaging, drones, and artificial intelligence have driven the cost down and improved the quality and volume of data collected and processed. This paper proposes an end-to-end framework for archaeological sites detection and monitoring using autonomous service drones. We mount RGB, depth, and thermal cameras on an autonomous drone for low-altitude data acquisition. To align and aggregate collected images, we propose two-stage multimodal depth-to-RGB and thermal-to-RGB mosaicking algorithms. We then apply detection algorithms to the stitched images to identify change regions and design a user interface to monitor these regions over time. Our results show we can create overlays of aligned thermal and depth data on RGB mosaics of archaeological sites. We tested our change detection algorithm and found it has a root mean square error of 0.04. To validate the proposed framework, we tested our thermal image stitching pipeline against state-of-the-art commercial software. We cost-effectively replicated its functionality while adding a new depth-based modality and created a user interface for temporally monitoring changes in multimodal views of archaeological sites.

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Section: Drone-based Archaeological Aerial Monitoring Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Service Drones for Multimodal Detection and Monitoring of Archaeological Sites

et al. 2021

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“…Roosevelt and colleagues [44] created volumes from PG 3D data to record deposits, and their stratigraphic relationships, however, do not suggest any analytical use for such volumes. Gavryushkina [7] used ESRI ArcGIS to construct 3D volumes from deposit outlines that were extruded to create closed entities. They compared multiple methods of volume creation including triangulated irregular networks (TIN), minimum bounding volume, and digitized section drawings.…”

Section: Uses Of 3d Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Idealized volumes use surface data of the top and bottom surfaces with a straight relationship established between them. Such interpretations are made when using archival data [46,63] but also when data are visualized generally (e.g., [7]). These visualizations also occur when volumes are constructed from two 2.5D rasters or layer surfaces [6,11,64].…”

Section: Idealized Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction in costs of specialized equipment and computing power, in addition to simplified workflows, has meant that such recording methods can be applied in a wide range of contexts (e.g., [1][2][3][4][5]). Volumetric calculations are one of the goals of 3D recording, the ability to digitally define the volume that is being investigated, whether it be a sedimentary deposit or an architectural wall [6,7]. Aside from visualization, volumes can be utilized for calculating densities of artefacts in deposits, which aid in interpretations of formational histories and use of place [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Volumetric Reconstruction Methods of Archaeological Deposits Using Point-Cloud Data from Ahuahu, Aotearoa New Zealand

et al. 2021

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Collection of 3D data in archaeology is a long-standing practice. Traditionally, the focus of these data has been visualization as opposed to analysis. Three-dimensional data are often recorded during archaeological excavations, with the provenience of deposits, features, and artefacts documented by a variety of methods. Simple analysis of 3D data includes calculating the volumes of bound entities, such as deposits and features, and determining the spatial relationships of artifacts within these. The construction of these volumes presents challenges that originate in computer-aided design (CAD) but have implications for how data are used in archaeological analysis. We evaluate 3D construction processes using data from Waitetoke, Ahuahu Great Mercury Island, Aotearoa, New Zealand. Point clouds created with data collected by total station, photogrammetry, and terrestrial LiDAR using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) are compared, as well as different methods for generating surface area and volumes with triangulated meshes and convex hulls. The differences between methods are evaluated and assessed in relation to analyzing artifact densities within deposits. While each method of 3D data acquisition and modeling has advantages in terms of accuracy and precision, other factors such as data collection and processing times must be considered when deciding on the most suitable.

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“…One such approach is the systematic incorporation of photogrammetry in archaeological practice. Photogrammetry is often utilized to facilitate the 3D reconstruction of artifacts, sites, and archaeological deposits and features for their integration into a 3D GIS (Barceló and Vicente 2004; Beale and Reilly 2017; Chiabrando et al 2018; Chibunichev et al 2018; Douglass et al 2015; Emmitt et al 2021; Forte et al 2012; Gajski et al 2016; Hamilton and Stephenson 2016; Katsianis et al 2008; Moya-Maleno et al 2015; Nikolakopoulos et al 2017; Nobles and Roosevelt 2021; Peng et al 2017; Walcek Averett et al 2016), although best practices are under continued consideration (Dell'Unto et al 2017; Fabio 2004; Galeazzi 2016, 2018; Galeazzi and Di Giuseppantonio Di Franco 2017; Gavryushkina 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Photogrammetry-Assisted Methodology for the Documentation of Complex Stratigraphic Relationships

Whitford

Boyadzhiev²,

Ivanov³

et al. 2022

Adv. archaeol. pract.

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At Tell Yunatsite, a prehistoric settlement mound located in the Upper Thracian plain of Bulgaria, stratigraphic relationships between archaeological deposits are incredibly complex. Such complexity then prompted our exploration into developing a new methodology for the documentation of complex stratigraphic relationships. Here, we present the results of a new photogrammetry-assisted methodology that was developed to compensate for the shortcomings of currently utilized stratigraphic documentation methods, such as the Wheeler-Kenyon box grid and the Harris Matrix. First, using a UAV drone, we produce a high-resolution photogrammetric model of the entire site. Second, with structure from motion photogrammetry, we produce 2.5D models of excavation units in stratigraphic succession. Finally, utilizing GIS and Blender (a 3D computer graphics software application), we digitize the horizontal extents of each archaeological deposit and “fill” the space between their successive surfaces (from top to bottom) until a faithful 3D model of each deposit is generated. These deposit models are then combined and rendered simultaneously to form 3D block models of the excavation units that may, in turn, be cross-sectioned in any direction to view stratigraphic relationships in virtual profile.

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The potential and problems of volumetric 3D modeling in archaeological stratigraphic analysis: A case study from Chlorakas-Palloures, Cyprus

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Autonomous Service Drones for Multimodal Detection and Monitoring of Archaeological Sites

Autonomous Service Drones for Multimodal Detection and Monitoring of Archaeological Sites

A Comparison of Volumetric Reconstruction Methods of Archaeological Deposits Using Point-Cloud Data from Ahuahu, Aotearoa New Zealand

A Photogrammetry-Assisted Methodology for the Documentation of Complex Stratigraphic Relationships

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