The potential co-benefits for health, economy and climate by substituting raw coal with waste cooking oil as a winter heating fuel in rural households of northern China

Zou, Nan; Li, Bowen; Li, Huan; Li, Gang; Wu, Rucong; Hong, Quan; Mperejekumana, Philbert; Liu, Shan; Zhou, Yuguang; Ahmad, Riaz; Zayan, Ali Mohammed Ibrahim; Pemberton-Pigott, Crispin; Dong, Renjie

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110683

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Concentrations of PTEs contained in particulate matter exhibit seasonal variability, similar to the cases of PM10 and PM2.5 [19,60]. The concentrations are the highest in winter, which is associated with increased dust emissions from individual household furnaces, and often with meteorological conditions unfavourable for dispersing pollutants in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Ashesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The mineral and chemical composition of household ash depends on the physical and chemical parameters of the hard coal burned and the combustion technology, because in many cases waste (e.g., plastic, kitchen waste and varnished wood) is additionally burned [19][20][21]. The mineral composition of ashes from individual domestic furnaces is dominated by silicates, aluminosilicates (quartz, feldspar, plagioclase), and clay minerals, carbonates, sulphates and iron oxides [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Hard Coal Combustion in Individual Household Furnaces on the Atmosphere Quality in Pszczyna (Poland)

2021

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This study aimed to determine the influence of ashes produced in the combustion of hard coal and eco-pea coal in individual household furnaces on the air quality in the region under analysis. To achieve this objective, we analysed the chemical and mineral composition of ashes, suspended and respirable dusts with particular attention being paid to phases containing potentially toxic elements (PTE) (As, Cd, Pb, Se, Ni, Ba, Tl, S, Th and U), and sulphur. The research methods used included powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Measurements were taken for PM concentrations, total suspended particulate matter (TSP), gaseous TVOC pollutants (volatile organic compounds) and soot at various altitudes and a mobile laboratory with measuring apparatus placed in the basket of a manned hot-air balloon was used for the analysis. The use of Poland’s unique laboratory allowed us to obtain real-time measurements up to an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. Measurements using unmanned units such as drones do not enable such analyses. The research confirmed that PTE concentrations in ash and its mineral composition are varied. The PM10 and PM2.5 ashes are dominated by sodium chloride, particles containing C, and a substance composed of S+C+O+N+Na. Trace amounts of Pb and Zn sulphides are also present.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Ashesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Hard Coal Combustion in Individual Household Furnaces on the Atmosphere Quality in Pszczyna (Poland)

2021

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“…The thermal performance of the envelope structure is poor, and only 20% of rural heating buildings have taken energy-saving measures. At present, the ratio of coal to biomass energy use in rural winter heating energy consumption in northern areas is about 3:1, and the average heating energy intensity is about 5 kgce/(m 2 -a) except for biomass [39,40].…”

Section: Northern Rural Heating Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Forecasting Method for Macro-Control Policy of Heating Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions Based on Building Area and Energy Intensity: A Case Study of Northern China

et al. 2022

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In response to extreme climate change, China has set a goal of reaching emission peak by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Energy conservation and emission reduction of building heating in northern China are key to achieving this goal. Based on building area prediction and energy consumption intensity, this paper establishes a model for calculating heating energy consumption and carbon emissions in northern residential buildings at the macro level, which provides a basis for formulating policies related to heating and emission reduction in northern buildings. Based on the research method of scenario projection, combining the carbon emission subsets and future heating energy mix projections in northern China, the heating energy consumption in northern China decreases to 175, 149 and 135 Mtce in 2050 under the baseline, medium control and strict control scenarios, respectively. The heating energy consumption in the northern region should be controlled at least under the medium control scheme. Under this scenario, building heating carbon emissions in the north could be reduced to 450 MtCO2 by 2050, or 280 MtCO2 if more stringent abatement technologies are adopted. In order to achieve this goal, a combination of energy-saving technologies must be used. The use of biomass and solar technologies should be emphasized in rural heating, while envelope renovation makes the greatest contribution to heating energy savings, with envelope renovation contributing up to 92 Mtce to urban heating.

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“…For example, an incomplete combustion process, which is possible especially in the case of firewood, leads to the emission of pollutants such as CO, PM, SO x , NO x , NH 3 (Li et al 2017). These emissions result in significant degradation of air quality; hence the impact of these emissions and the study of alternative fuels are widely discussed topics in literature (Li et al 2021;Zhao et al 2021). To this end, Persson et al (2005Persson et al ( , 2009) developed a dynamic model based on a detailed CO emission analysis, simulating a pellet stove or a boiler.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy analysis of a wood or pellet stove in a single-family house equipped with gas boiler and radiators

et al. 2022

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In the residential sector, biomass appliances are widely used for space heating and often combined with other systems. This work aims at comparing the final and primary energy consumption of different configurations, including a conventional and a ducted pellet stove and a wood log stove using air as heat transfer fluid. A dynamic analysis of the interaction between biomass stoves and conventional heating systems, such as gas boilers and radiators, is carried out within a typical single-family house in a mild climate, using TRNSYS software. In addition, natural ventilation of the building is considered using CONTAM, with a focus on external infiltrations and internal air circulation due to the buoyancy effect. Results show that the biomass device in one room promotes the airflows between adjacent thermal zones, enhancing the heat distribution through door openings, in particular when an air ducted stove is present. The final energy consumption resulting from simulations with wood-burning stoves is 21% higher than pellet stoves. The pellet stove results in similar final energy and a 30% increase in overall primary energy, while the wood stove increases the final energy by 22% and approximately 40% of overall primary energy compared to the case of a traditional gas system coupled to radiators which is considered as reference. Nevertheless, non-renewable primary energy savings are higher than 50% with pellet stoves and 60% with wood-log stoves.

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The potential co-benefits for health, economy and climate by substituting raw coal with waste cooking oil as a winter heating fuel in rural households of northern China

Cited by 27 publications

References 50 publications

The Influence of Hard Coal Combustion in Individual Household Furnaces on the Atmosphere Quality in Pszczyna (Poland)

The Influence of Hard Coal Combustion in Individual Household Furnaces on the Atmosphere Quality in Pszczyna (Poland)

A Forecasting Method for Macro-Control Policy of Heating Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions Based on Building Area and Energy Intensity: A Case Study of Northern China

Energy analysis of a wood or pellet stove in a single-family house equipped with gas boiler and radiators

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