The potential conflict between clinical and judicial decision making heuristics

Rassin, Eric

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0798(199904/06)17:2<237::aid-bsl342>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Merckelbach, Dekkers, Wessel, & Roefs, 2003a, b). For example, Rivard and colleagues (2002) examined a large sample of police officers involved in critical shooting incidents and found no reports of amnesia. Also, recent research shows that when participants encode information while in ‘survival mode’, this yields superior memory effects.…”

Section: Malingered Crime‐related Amnesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting malingered memory problems in the civil and criminal arena

Oorsouw

2010

Legal Criminol Psychol

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Feigning a psychiatric or neurological disorder may be an attractive strategy to obtain all sorts of privileges or disability benefits. In the criminal arena, feigning memory loss for a crime (crime-related amnesia) may be a way for defendants to gain sympathy or to promote a diminished capacity defence. Although crime-related amnesia may, under some circumstances, be genuine, in many cases it is more likely to be malingered. Malingered memory problems are a subtle form of deception and what is true for deceptive behaviour in general is also true for malingering memory loss: on the basis of clinical intuition alone, it is difficult to detect. Fortunately, there are methods and tools to evaluate the authenticity of memory problems. It is important that forensic and clinical psychologists familiarize themselves with these techniques.Every now and then, most individuals intentionally conceal or distort important information about themselves. This is true in therapeutic settings, personal relationships, and the legal arena. For a civil litigant or offender who wants to conceal or distort something, memory is an attractive option. The point is that the evaluation of memory depends on verbal self-reports. It is difficult to check directly the extent to which these self-reports truly reflect memory capacity. In addition, memory is a vital capacity. A memory dysfunction interferes with the ability to meet requirements for work and so gives rise to the issue of compensation. In the criminal domain, loss of memory for crime details may indicate the possibility that the crime was unintentional and, in this way, raises the issue of diminished responsibility. This article addresses the concept of malingering in general and that of feigning memory loss in particular. It also focuses on methods to detect feigned memory loss. The first part reviews the literature on the feigning of cognitive dysfunctions in civil cases (e.g. personal injury cases). Several instruments to test this type of malingering are discussed. The second part focuses on claims of crime-related amnesia, and the role of expectancies, psychopathy, and alcohol in such claims. We also briefly discuss guidelines and tests to assess the authenticity of amnesia claims in criminal cases.

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Section: Malingered Crime‐related Amnesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting malingered memory problems in the civil and criminal arena

Oorsouw

2010

Legal Criminol Psychol

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“…Het is een maxime waar deelnemers aan elk gesprek impliciet van uitgaan: artsen luisteren naar de klachten van hun patiënten en, zoals alle luisteraars, gaan zij er daarbij vanuit dat wat zij te horen krijgen kwaliteit bezit, dat wil zeggen bij benadering juist is. In het geval van artsen komt daar nog bij dat zij werken volgens het better safe than sorry-principe (Rassin & Merckelbach, 1999), wat evenmin een ideale uitgangspositie is voor het opsporen van simulanten.…”

Section: Bronnenunclassified

Onwaarschijnlijke symptomen simuleren: de Wildman Symptom Checklist

Merckelbach¹,

Smeets²,

Jelícic³

2008

NEPR

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“…However, their recognition is particularly important in discussions between members of different professions, such as medicine and law, where misunderstandings may lead to distortion of outcomes and therefore cannot be dismissed as esoteric debate or point‐scoring. This is particularly true when attempts are made to establish mutually acceptable medico‐legal definitions of issues such as the psychological symptomatology of psychiatric illness [2].…”

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confidence: 99%