The potential for self-sanitisation of faecal sludge by intrinsic ammonia

Fidjeland, Jörgen; Magri, Maria Elisa; Jönsson, Håkan; Albihn, Ann; Vinnerås, Björn

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.024

Cited by 49 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…An explanation for the observed self-sanitation in manure without larvae could be that the test strains are not part of a natural microbiota and were inactivated by ammonia released from degrading manure. Fidjeland et al (2013) observed a fast self-sanitation of faecal sludge contaminated with S. Typhimurium, and found that this inactivation was depended on the concentration of ammonia. The balance between ammonia and ammonium is highly influenced by temperature or pH above 8 (Emerson et al, 1975), and as we observed only minor increase from pH 7 to 8 in both controls and test vials, this may explain the relatively slow self-sanitation that was observed in our controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni in poultry manure by rearing of Musca domestica fly larvae

Nordentoft

Fischer

Bjerrum

et al. 2017

JIFF

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A major barrier for using animal waste as substrate for production of insects for feed or food is the concern for safety of the end products. In this study we investigated how rearing of fly larvae of Musca domestica in poultry manure influenced the counts of three pathogenic test strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni) and investigated whether these were transferred from manure to larvae, pupae or adults flies. We monitored quantitative microbiological changes over a study period of seven days. We showed that the decay in the numbers of E. coli, S. Enteritidis, and C. jejuni was faster in manure with rearing of fly larvae than in manure without larvae; an 8 log10 reduction of all three test bacteria was observed within four days in manure with larvae; compared to manure without larvae where a 1 to 2 log10 was observed. We found no sign of propagation of the pathogens in the larvae gut. All test strains were detectable in low numbers at day 4 in the larvae gut but only C. jejuni survived until day 7. In the pupae, only S. Enteritidis was detectable at day 3, and no test strains were found later than day 3. None of the test strain was isolated from adult flies. The total aerobic bacterial count remained at a high level throughout the study both in manure, in larvae and in pupae. In conclusion, our results showed that elimination of the pathogens from the manure was accelerated by larvae rearing, but were still detectable at low number in the larvae gut until end of the larvae stage. This study provides data for evaluation of feed safety of fly larvae reared on animal waste. Furthermore suggests a potential use for reduction of these pathogens in manure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni in poultry manure by rearing of Musca domestica fly larvae

Nordentoft

Fischer

Bjerrum

et al. 2017

JIFF

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“…It appeared that the development of the eggs had been inhibited during the treatment, despite the temperature being in a range that supports development. One reason could be the increased total ammonium nitrogen concentration, as uncharged ammonia is known to inactivate the development of ascaris eggs (Fidjeland et al 2013). Additionally, Fidjeland et al (2013) found that the main effect of ammonia was to shorten the lag phase for the bilinear inactivation of ascaris.…”

Section: Hygienic Quality Of Treatment Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One reason could be the increased total ammonium nitrogen concentration, as uncharged ammonia is known to inactivate the development of ascaris eggs (Fidjeland et al 2013). Additionally, Fidjeland et al (2013) found that the main effect of ammonia was to shorten the lag phase for the bilinear inactivation of ascaris. It is therefore possible that a longer retention time in the fly larvae system or during post-storage could lead to inactivation of the ascaris eggs present.…”

Section: Hygienic Quality Of Treatment Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

High waste-to-biomass conversion and efficient Salmonella spp. reduction using black soldier fly for waste recycling

Lalander

Fidjeland

Diener

et al. 2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

Self Cite

273

207

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The recycling of organic waste worldwide is not effective, which leads to water pollution and loss of potential crop fertilizers. Available resources have to be used more efficiently as the world population increases. An innovative solution is to use insects for the management of organic waste. Here, we used black soldier fly to convert organic waste into animal feed protein, as fly larvae, and plant fertilizer, as compost residue. A continuous fly reactor was monitored for 9 weeks. We analyzed physicochemical and microbial parameters, and we evaluated the sanitary risk. Results show 55.1 % of material degradation and 11.8 % of biomass conversion based upon total solids. We observed higher levels of N and P in the treatment residue than in the inflow material. Results also show a lower concentration of Salmonella spp. and viruses. Compost treatment with black soldier fly is therefore an efficient system for nutrient recycling.

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“…Pathogen microorganism in sludge and the change in vitality when sludge is harmless treated followed by being recycled to soil Sludge contains broad-spectrum profile of pathogenic microorganisms due to originating from domestic sewage, which is abundant in all kinds of bacteria (Arora et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015;Scheinemann et al, 2015), such as fecal coliform (Cabanas-Vargas et al, 2013;Ozdemir et al, 2013;Rhodes et al, 2015), Salmonella coli (Bonetta et al, 2014;Cabanas-Vargas et al, 2013;Levantesi et al, 2015), Escherichia coli (Levantesi et al, 2015;Verbyla et al, 2016;Pascual-Benito et al, 2015). In addition, there are a plenty of ascaris egg in sludge because most of its solid constitute is mainly from human faeces (Darimani et al, 2016;Verbyla et al, 2016;Fidjeland et al, 2015Fidjeland et al, , 2013. Main pretreatment measures are usually employed prior to recycling to soil, such as aerobic compost and anaerobic digestion, which are effective in inactivating or eliminating most of their vitalities (Cabanas-Vargas et al, 2013;Kjerstadius et al, 2013;Sreesai et al, 2013).…”

Section: Organic Matter Plays Crucial Role In Availability Of Heavy Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achilles heel of environmental risk from recycling of sludge to soil as amendment: A summary in recent ten years (2007–2016)

Liu

2016

Waste Management

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a b s t r a c tRecycling sludge as a soil amendment has both positive and negative effects because of its enrichment in both nutrients and contaminants. So far, the negative effect has to be extensively investigated that the severities of different types of contaminants also remain unclear. The environmental behavior and risk of organic contaminant and pharmaceuticals, heavy metal and salt as well as pathogenic microorganisms brought by sludge amendment are summarized and discussed here. Organic contaminants and pharmaceuticals are typically found at low concentrations in sludge, the risks from sludge-amended soil decrease over time owing to its biodegradability. On the other hand, application of sludge generally increases soil salinity, which may cause physiological damage to plants grown in sludge-amended soil. In some extent, this negative effect can be alleviated by means of dilution; however, greater attention should be paid to long term increasing possible risk of eutrophication. Heavy metal (particularly of mobile heavy metals, such as Cd) with high concentrations in sludge and soil receiving considerable sludge can cause its incremental abundance in soil and crop contamination, further posing risks to humans, but most cases showed that there remained not excessive in heavy metal caused by sludge amendment. It is worth noting that increasing soil organic matter content may reduce transfer of heavy metal from soil to crops, but not restrict its uptake by crops at all. Combined literature together, it is summarized that heavy metal becomes a relatively severe bottleneck in recycling of sludge as soil amendment due to its nonbiodegradability and potential damage to health by adventuring contamination from agricultural products. Particular attention should therefore be paid to long term monitoring the change of heavy metals concentration in sludge amended soil.

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The potential for self-sanitisation of faecal sludge by intrinsic ammonia

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

Reduction of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni in poultry manure by rearing of Musca domestica fly larvae

Reduction of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni in poultry manure by rearing of Musca domestica fly larvae

High waste-to-biomass conversion and efficient Salmonella spp. reduction using black soldier fly for waste recycling

Achilles heel of environmental risk from recycling of sludge to soil as amendment: A summary in recent ten years (2007–2016)

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