“…Nanomaterials, which are approximately 1–100 nm in size, have many advantages, such as the targeting ability, good biocompatibility, stability, and extremely low toxicity ( Riehemann et al, 2009 ). Many studies have proven that nanomaterials, as therapeutic agents or drug delivery carriers, have great applications in the medical field, to treat conditions such as inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer ( Kim et al, 2010 ; Psarros et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2021a ; Liu et al, 2021b ; Moses et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ; Xu et al, 2023a ; You et al, 2023 ; Russell et al, 2023 ). To date, nanotechnology-based approaches have been valid in non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis, which effectively target ectopic tissues and cells without causing systemic effects.…”