Freshwater resources are under increasing pressure. A substantial amount of the environmental flow, i.e., the water the aquatic ecosystem requires in order to thrive, has already been appropriated in rivers around the world (Acreman, 2010; Gerten et al., 2013). The 2030 Water Resources Group (2009) has predicted a 40% gap between freshwater demand and availability. It is expected that climate change will have a substantial impact on the hydrological cycle and freshwater resources. The risk of droughts and flooding in many areas is likely to increase as a result of intensifying precipitation patterns (Bates et al., 2008). The vulnerabilities related to freshwater resources lie in the combination of physical pressures and human development and decisions, such as economic development, increased population and urbanization, (in)sufficient governance (including funding and planning), ageing infrastructure, and so forth (Gain, Giupponi, & Wada, 2016). Given these increasing pressures, resilient and effective river basin management is paramount and one of the key components of sustainable development (