The Potential of an Endemic Fungus,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, for Biological Control of Round-Leaved Mallow (Malva pusilla) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Mortensen, K.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500075226

Cited by 105 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae (Mortensen 1988) is, in fact, the only registered mycoherbicide in Canada, and various strains have been used in the U.S.A. for several years (Templeton 1992). Thus, the G. cingulata strains isolated during this study should be among those involved in the screening process to identify candidate mycoherbicides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecological study about assemblages of endophytic fungi in Acer macrophyllum in British Columbia: in search of candidate mycoherbicides

Sieber¹,

Dorworth²

1994

Can. J. Bot.

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Healthy 2-to 3-year-old twig pieces with adherent foliage were collected from 3-to 10-year-old Acer tr~acrophylllrtt~ at seven sites in coastal British Columbia and examined for the presence of endophytic fungi. Eighty-three percent of the leaves and 52 % of the twigs were colonized by endophytic fungi. Fungal assemblages of leaves were dominated by Phorr~opsis spp., whereas Diplorlinn ncerina was most frequently isolated from twigs. Cr3,ptosporiopsis nbietitln. Glo~nerella cingulatn (with Colletotrichurn gloeosporioirles anamorph), and Phornopsis spp. also occurred quite frequently in twigs at some sites. No correlations between weather conditions and any of the endophyte species were detected. Diplodinn acerina and G. cirzgulnta were the only two species with a certain potential to be employed as mycoherbicides: D. nceritla is distributed over most of its hosts' range, and frequency and density of colonization are high among and within trees and some degree of virulence is present; some formae speciales of G. cingulnta are already used as mycoherbicides. la cBte de la Colombie-Britannique, les auteurs ont rCcoltC des rameaux en santC, avec leurs feuilles, agCs de 2-3 ans, sur des tiges d'Acer tnncrophyllutrz agCes de 3 i 10 ans et ils les ont examines pour dtceler la presence d e champignons endophytes. Quatre-vingt-trois pourcent des feuilles et 52 % des rameaux Ctaient colonisCs par des champignons endophytes. Les Photnopsis spp. sont les plus abondants sur les ensembles des feuilles alors que le Diplorlirln ncerinn est le plus frCquemment is016 ti partir des rameaux. Dans un bon nombre de sites on trouve Cgalement et assez frequemment les Cryptosporiopsis abietina, Glotrlerella cit~gulata (avec l'anamorphe Colletotriclntrtz gloeosporioirles) et les Photrzopsis spp. Aucune corrClation entre les conditions climatiques et les espkces d'endophytes n'a pu &tre dCcelCe. Seulement le D. aceritzn et le G. cir~gulata prCsentent un certain potentiel d'utilisation comme mycoherbicides. Le D. ncerinn se retrouve dans la majeure partie de l'aire de distribution de I'hBte et la frCquence ainsi que la densite de la colonisation sont ClevCes entre et sur les arbres et D. ncerina posskde un certain degrC de virulence; quelques forrnae speciales du G. citzgulnta sont deli utilisCes comme mycoherbicides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecological study about assemblages of endophytic fungi in Acer macrophyllum in British Columbia: in search of candidate mycoherbicides

Sieber¹,

Dorworth²

1994

Can. J. Bot.

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“…These conidial concentrations are low when compared to those needed for other related fungi studied as potential mycoherbicides which are normally applied at a rate of 10 6 À10 7 conidia per ml under similar conditions (Mortensen, 1988;Pfirter and De´fago, 1998). Nevertheless the low concentration of inoculum of N. alternantherae sufficient to cause high disease severity in greenhouse trials were not as effective in the field, probably because of environmental constraints and the older age of test plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Nimbya alternantherae a potential biocontrol agent for alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides

2006

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Alligatorweed, (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.), an aquatic and wetland plant native to South America, is an aggressive weed in many parts of the world. Its ability to compete with other native plants and to impede waterways has made it a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. Although biological control with insects has been fairly successful in aquatic habitats, there is a need for additional agents to manage the weed in upland sites. Accordingly, in a survey in Brazil in 1997 a fungus, Nimbya (=Alternaria) alternantherae (Holcomb and Antonopoulus) Simmons and Alcorn, was discovered and confirmed to be highly damaging to alligatorweed. Studies were conducted to determine the potential of this fungus for controlling this weed. Several isolates from Brazil, USA, and Puerto Rico were compared and no differences in virulence were observed, although a lower dew requirement was demonstrated for the Brazilian isolates. Conidia were more effective than mycelial suspension, and inoculum concentrations of 1 · 10 5 and 1 · 10 6 conidia per ml provided significant levels of control of the weed in greenhouse and field experiments, respectively. In a host-range study, N. alternantherae infected 6 plant species from a total of 42 species belonging to 23 families. N. alternantherae has the potential to be an effective mycoherbicide for alligatorweed.

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“…A number of other formae speciales of C. gloeosporioides have also been successfully used for biological control of weeds, and research has shown that these formae speciales are also quite host specific and not damaging to non-target species. Some of the target weeds controlled by these formae speciales include: Miconia calvescens (Killgore et al 1999), Malva pusilla and Abutilon theophrasti (Mortensen 1988;Mortensen and Makowski 1997), Clidemia hirta (Trujillo et al 1986), Jussiae decurrens (Boyette et al 1979), and Cuscuta spp. (Cartwright and Templeton 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finalizing host range determination of a weed biological control pathogen with best linear unbiased predictors and damage assessment

Berner

Cavin

2011

BioControl

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Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. salsolae (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. (CGS) is a facultative parasitic fungus being evaluated as a classical biological control agent of Russian thistle or tumbleweed (Salsola tragus L.). In initial host range determination tests, Henderson's mixed model equations (MME) were used to generate best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of disease severity reaction to CGS among 89 species of plants related to S. tragus. The MME provided: (1) disease assessments for rare and difficult or impossible to grow species, (2) environmentally independent measures of disease severity, (3) measures of disease severity for species versus a sample of material tested in a greenhouse, (4) objective indicators of susceptible and non-susceptible species, (5) a means to objectively compare disease on targets versus nontargets. Of the 89 species evaluated by the MME, eight native N. American species were predicted to be susceptible. As a result of these predictions, these eight species were further evaluated to determine the amount of actual damage caused by CGS. This was done by comparing root and shoot areas and weights between non-inoculated plants and plants inoculated with CGS. Results showed that several of the species exhibited some minor reduction in root weight and root area, but none of the species had any damage to above-ground plant parts. This supports the BLUP output in the initial host range determination tests. As a result of both analyses, there is no evidence that CGS would cause any non-target effects in nature.

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The Potential of an Endemic Fungus,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, for Biological Control of Round-Leaved Mallow (Malva pusilla) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Cited by 105 publications

References 5 publications

An ecological study about assemblages of endophytic fungi in Acer macrophyllum in British Columbia: in search of candidate mycoherbicides

An ecological study about assemblages of endophytic fungi in Acer macrophyllum in British Columbia: in search of candidate mycoherbicides

Nimbya alternantherae a potential biocontrol agent for alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides

Finalizing host range determination of a weed biological control pathogen with best linear unbiased predictors and damage assessment

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