The potential of exosomes derived from colorectal cancer as a biomarker

Xiao, Yang; Li, Yan; Yuan, Yuhui; Liu, Bing; Pan, Shimeng; Liu, Qianqian; Qi, Xia; Zhou, Huimin; Dong, Wei; Li, Jia

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2018.09.007

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Some studies have already demonstrated a significantly higher abundance of EpCAM+, GPC1+, and CD147+ exosomes in the tissue and plasma/serum of CRC patients when compared to their healthy counterparts [85,87,142]. Moreover, Xiao et al [143] found that the 5-FU resistant CRC cells (HCT-8/5-FU) secreted TAG72-rich exosomes significantly more than normal colon cells. In addition, CK19-rich exosomes and CA125-rich exosomes were significantly higher in normal colon cells and metastatic CRC cells, respectively.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer

Baassiri

Nassar

Mukherji

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate, especially in those that are diagnosed in late stages of the disease. The current screening blood-based markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), have low sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, other modalities are either expensive or invasive. Therefore, recent research has shifted towards a minimally invasive test, namely, liquid biopsy. Exosomes are favorable molecules sought in blood samples, since they are abundant, stable in circulation, and harbor genetic information and other biomolecules that could serve as biomarkers or even therapeutic targets. Furthermore, exosomal noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, have demonstrated the diagnostic potential to detect CRC at an early stage with a higher sensitivity and specificity than CEA and CA19-9 alone. Moreover, they have prognostic potential that is TNM stage specific and could serve as predictive biomarkers for the most common chemotherapeutic drug and combination regimen in CRC, which are 5-FU and FOLFOX, respectively. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of these exosomal noncoding RNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. In addition, we discuss the advantages and challenges of exosomes as a liquid biopsy target.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer

Baassiri

Nassar

Mukherji

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…These biovesicles are enriched in a variety of biological molecules, such as RNA (mRNAs‐messenger RNAs, miRNAs‐micro RNAs), DNA, lipids, proteins (including enzymes) and glycoconjugates, and also carry various metabolites (Figure ). Exosomes, despite originating from a variety of structurally and functionally different cells, share some common receptors/proteins – e. g. RabGTPase, SNAREs, annexins, ALIX, Tsg101, tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, CD37, CD81 and CD82), heat shock protein 70, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored biomolecules (Figure ); however, they are most probably not ubiquitous for all exosome types. ALIX, as a canonical exosome marker, contains a proline‐rich region which interacts with the SH3 domain of c‐Src (c‐Src was the first proto‐oncogene to be identified), a membrane‐associated non‐receptor type tyrosine kinase, activating the endosomal sorting complex required for transport, hence is involved in the formation of intra‐luminal vesicles.…”

Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be stated that the level of miRNA in clinical samples can vary from 0.2 fM to 20 pM . Furthermore, CRC‐derived cell lines contain several proteins on the surface of exosomes, which can be applied as cancer biomarkers such as cytokeratin 19, tumour‐associated glycoprotein 72 and carbohydrate antigen 125 . Label‐free detection of miRNA‐21 was also performed using PNA (peptide nucleic acid) immobilised on a gold electrode .…”

Section: Electrochemical Exosome Biosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as a Source of Cancer Biomarkers: Advances in Electrochemical Biosensing of Exosomes

et al. 2020

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Exosomes are naturally produced biological nanoparticles secreted by cells into body fluids and responsible for intercellular communication. Exosomes can also carry cargo affecting neighbouring cells and forming pre‐metastatic niches. Hence, exosomes are behind localised tumour development, progression, but also the induction of distant tumours forming metastasis. A substantially higher cellular activity of tumour cells results in the production of a greater number of exosomes than in normal, healthy cells. Therefore, the number of exosomes present in body fluids can serve as a good diagnostic biomarker in itself, besides the presence of other tumour biomarkers, which can be substantially enriched in exosomes compared to parental cells. This review comprehensively summarises the development of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of exosome levels, exosome‐derived cancer biomarkers in cell lines and serum samples for the better diagnosis of various cancer types. The review provides information on the design and analytical parameters of such biosensors. The clinical utility of the level of exosomes or exosome‐derived biomarkers is also provided.

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“…Among the different extracellular vesicles, exosomes have attracted the greatest interest in oncological research because of their apparent implication in tumor growth and therapy resistance . Of special translational importance is the potential of circulating exosomes in liquid biopsies as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and responses to therapy of CRC patients . In this regard, some recent studies have shown the ability of melatonin to modulate the intercellular communications via exosomes.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…378 Of special translational importance is the potential of circulating exosomes in liquid biopsies as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and responses to therapy of CRC patients. 379 In this regard, some recent studies have shown the ability of melatonin to modulate the intercellular communications via exosomes. However, little is known about the influence of melatonin on the biology of CRC exosomes because it has rarely been examined.…”

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confidence: 99%

The emergence of melatonin in oncology: Focus on colorectal cancer

Gil‐Martín

Egea

Reíter

et al. 2019

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Within the last few decades, melatonin has increasingly emerged in clinical oncology as a naturally occurring bioactive molecule with substantial anticancer properties and a pharmacological profile optimal for joining the currently available pharmacopeia. In addition, extensive experimental data shows that this chronobiotic agent exerts oncostatic effects throughout all stages of tumor growth, from initial cell transformation to mitigation of malignant progression and metastasis; additionally, melatonin alleviates the side effects and improves the welfare of radio/chemotherapy‐treated patients. Thus, the support of clinicians and oncologists for the use of melatonin in both the treatment and proactive prevention of cancer is gaining strength. Because of its epidemiological importance and symptomatic debut in advanced stages of difficult clinical management, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a preferential target for testing new therapies. In this regard, the development of effective forms of clinical intervention for the improvement of CRC outcome, specifically metastatic CRC, is urgent. At the same time, the need to reduce the costs of conventional anti‐CRC therapy results is also imperative. In light of this status quo, the therapeutic potential of melatonin, and the direct and indirect critical processes of CRC malignancy it modulates, have aroused much interest. To illuminate the imminent future on CRC research, we focused our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying the multiple oncostatic actions displayed by melatonin in the onset and evolution of CRC and summarized epidemiological evidence, as well as in vitro, in vivo and clinical findings that support the broadly protective potential demonstrated by melatonin.

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The potential of exosomes derived from colorectal cancer as a biomarker

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer

Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer

Exosomes as a Source of Cancer Biomarkers: Advances in Electrochemical Biosensing of Exosomes

The emergence of melatonin in oncology: Focus on colorectal cancer

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