The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide

Dou, Yan; Lee, Amanda; Zhu, Lida; Morton, John; Ladiges, Warren

doi:10.31491/apt.2020.03.014

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thirdly, it has been suggested that anxiety may induce accelerated aging across multiple biological processes [35]. Recent research of cellular ageing indicates that the human plasma peptide Gly-His-Lys, which has powerful anti-anxiety effects, is related to the suppression of several molecules that favor accelerated cellular ageing [36,37]. Fourthly, anxiety is linked to elevated levels of glucocorticoids [38], which have been shown to increase cardiovascular disease risk [39], and to be associated with impaired cognitive performance [40], as well as with impaired memory retrieval and impaired working memory during emotionally arousing test situations [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and Risk of Vascular Dementia in an Elderly Community Sample: The Role of Sex

Santabárbara

Villagrasa²,

López-Antón

et al. 2020

Brain Sciences

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Background: To assess the association between anxiety and risk of vascular dementia (VaD), as well as potential sex differences, in a community-based cohort. Methods: A random sample of 4057 dementia-free community participants aged 55 or older, from the longitudinal, community-based Zaragoza Dementia and Depression Project (ZARADEMP) study were followed for 4.5 years. Geriatric Mental State B (GMS)-Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (AGECAT) was used for the assessment and diagnosis of anxiety, and a panel of research psychiatrists diagnosed the incident cases of VaD according to DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disordes). Multivariate survival analysis with competing risk regression model was performed. Results: In men, the incidence rate of VaD was significantly higher among anxiety subjects compared with non-anxiety subjects (incidence rate ratio (IRR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 3.24 (1.13–9.35); p = 0.029), and no difference was observed in women (IRR (95%CI): 0.68 (0.19–2.23); p = 0.168). In the multivariate model, for men, cases of anxiety had 2.6-fold higher risk of VaD (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR): 2.61; 95%CI: 0.88–7.74) when all potential confounding factors were controlled, with no statistical significance (p = 0.084), but a clinically relevant effect (Cohen’s d: 0.74). No association was found in women. Conclusions: In men, but not in women, risk of VaD was higher among individuals with anxiety, with a clinically relevant effect. Potential anxiety-related preventive interventions for VaD might be tailored to men and women separately.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and Risk of Vascular Dementia in an Elderly Community Sample: The Role of Sex

Santabárbara

Villagrasa²,

López-Antón

et al. 2020

Brain Sciences

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“…Copper ions show a high affinity for the human tripeptide GHK, which regulates a large number of human genes involved in neuronal development and maintenance, which suggests the possibility of using GHK as a therapeutic target against cognitive decline and age-dependent neurodegeneration [155]. The ability of GHK to reverse, albeit partially, cognitive impairment through anti-inflammatory and epigenetic pathways has also been demonstrated in an aging mouse model [156]. Mushrooms may accumulate high levels of Zn in their fruiting body [144,[156][157][158][159][160].…”

Section: Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Compounds from Edible Mushrooms as Potential Candidates for Treating Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2023

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The last century has seen an increase in our life expectancy. As a result, various age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), have emerged, representing new challenges to society. Oxidative stress (OS), a condition of redox imbalance resulting from excessive production of reactive oxygen species, represents a common feature that characterizes the brains of elderly people, thus contributing to NDs. Consequently, antioxidant supplementation or dietary intake of antioxidant-containing foods could represent an effective preventive and therapeutic intervention to maintain the integrity and survival of neurons and to counteract the neurodegenerative pathologies associated with aging. Food contains numerous bioactive molecules with beneficial actions for human health. To this purpose, a wide range of edible mushrooms have been reported to produce different antioxidant compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, carotenoids, ergothioneine, and others, which might be used for dietary supplementation to enhance antioxidant defenses and, consequently, the prevention of age-related neurological diseases. In this review, we summarized the role of oxidative stress in age-related NDs, focusing on the current knowledge of the antioxidant compounds present in edible mushrooms, and highlighting their potential to preserve healthy aging by counteracting age-associated NDs.

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“…Sleep deprivation increased nitrotyrosine levels in both the CA3 and DG regions of the hippocampus, and GHK treatment successfully prevented such an effect (Figure 2B). GHK is known to work as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels [7]. Nitrotyrosine is considered a biomarker for oxidative stress as the result of…”

Section: Learning Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

GHK peptide prevents sleep deprived learning impairment in aging mice

Rosenfeld

Nickel

Ladiges

2023

APT

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Sleep deprivation is known to cause memory impairment and is associated with inflammation and cell damage linked to neurodegenerative diseases. GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is a naturally occurring tripeptide found in mammalian plasma. GHK has anti-inflammatory activity and can pass through the blood-brain barrier suggesting the potential to prevent neuroinflammation associated with sleep deprivation. In this study, mice were injected with 15 mg/kg GHK per day for five days and sleep deprived on the last two days of treatment. Sleepdeprived mice treated with GHK did not show the acute learning impairment seen in sleep-deprived mice treated with saline. GHK prevented an increase in MCP-1 and nitrotyrosine levels in the hippocampus of sleepdeprived mice suggesting that inflammatory and reactive nitrogen/oxygen species activity could be therapeutic targets for learning impairment associated with short-term sleep deprivation. Keywords: GHK peptide, sleep deprivation, learning impairment, neuroinflammation, nitrotyrosine

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The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Anxiety and Risk of Vascular Dementia in an Elderly Community Sample: The Role of Sex

Anxiety and Risk of Vascular Dementia in an Elderly Community Sample: The Role of Sex

Antioxidant Compounds from Edible Mushrooms as Potential Candidates for Treating Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases

GHK peptide prevents sleep deprived learning impairment in aging mice

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