“…This chain has been developed for Ni due to the interest in this metal and because nearly 3% of the Earth's surface is covered by ultramafic (Ni-rich) soils and more than 500 species of Ni hyperaccumulator plant species have been discovered to date. Recent field studies have evaluated the production of phytomined Ni in several regions of the world (Malaysia, Mexico, Austria) with surfaces from 500 m 2 to 1 ha [3][4][5]. Nickel agromining is now a staple Nature-Based Solution and using Odontarrhena chalcidica annual yields up to 150 kgNi/ha have been obtained with optimized agronomic practices [6,7].…”