The potential of improving western hemlock pulp and paper quality. I. Genetic control and interrelationships of wood and fibre traits

King, John N.; Cartwright, C.; Hatton, J.; Yanchuk, A.D.

doi:10.1139/cjfr-28-6-863

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Our findings, in general, are supported by several previous studies in which low to moderate positive phenotypic correlation was observed between growth (e.g., stem diameter and volume) and fibre length in Norway spruce (e.g., Bergqvist et al 2000;Hannrup et al 2004), Scots pine (e.g., Hannrup et al 2000), loblolly pine (e.g., Loo et al 1984), and maritime pine (Pot et al 2002). Previously, King et al (1998) also found a moderate positive phenotypic correlation between coarseness and diameter (also with height) in western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Findingssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In Norway spruce and Scots pine, Bergqvist et al (2000), Hannrup et al (2000), and Mäkinen et al (2002aMäkinen et al ( , 2002b have previously reported a negative relationship between wood density and fibre properties such as fibre length. Similarly, King et al (1998) reported a significant negative correlation between wood density and coarseness in western hemlock. On the other hand, Hannrup et al (2001) have also found a negative or even nonexistent correlation in mature wood of Scots pine but a positive weak correlation for juvenile wood.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Findingsmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Differences in fibre properties in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

et al. 2008

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In forest breeding programmes, growth has typically been used as a selection trait of prime importance in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), whereas less attention has been given to the wood and fibre characteristics. In the above context, we investigated phenotypic relationships between different fibre properties and growth and wood density traits in 20 cloned Norway spruce based on a clonal trial established in the 1970s in southeastern Finland. We found that fibre width showed, on average (2.9%), the lowest phenotypic variation followed by fibre wall thickness (3.4%), coarseness (5.5%), and fibre length (8.1%). All of the phenotypic correlations between the fibre properties were also positive (p < 0.05), ranging from moderate to strong, suggesting that selection for one trait could simultaneously affect the other traits. The phenotypic correlations, on average, were quite weak but positive between growth and fibre properties and slightly negative or weak positive between wood density and different fibre properties (p < 0.05). Individually, some of the clones showed negative correlation between growth traits and fibre length. As a result, selection for fibre properties alone could also reduce overall stem volume (or stem mass) and would not directly indicate wood density traits and vice versa.Résumé : En amélioration génétique des arbres forestiers, la croissance a traditionnellement constitué un critère de sélection très important chez l'épicéa commun (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), alors que moins d'efforts ont été consacrés aux caractéris-tiques du bois et des fibres. C'est dans ce contexte que les auteurs ont étudié les relations phénotypiques entre différentes propriétés des fibres et les caractères de croissance et de densité du bois dans un test clonal rassemblant 20 clones d'épicéa commun établi dans les années 1970 dans le sud-est de la Finlande. En moyenne, la largeur des fibres avait la plus faible variation phénotypique (2,9 %), suivie de l'épaisseur de leur paroi (3,4 %), de leur grossièreté (5,5 %) et de leur longueur (8,1 %). Toutes les corrélations phénotypiques entre les propriétés des fibres étaient aussi positives (p < 0,05), variant de modérées à fortes, et indiquant que la sélection pour un caractère pourrait affecter simultanément les autres caractères. En moyenne, les corrélations phénotypiques étaient passablement faibles mais positives entre la croissance et les propriétés des fibres, et légèrement négatives ou faiblement positives entre ces dernières et la densité du bois (p < 0,05). Une corrélation négative a été observée entre les caractères de croissance et la longueur des fibres chez certains clones. Conséquemment, la sélection pour améliorer uniquement les propriétés des fibres pourrait entraîner une réduction du volume total de la tige (ou de sa masse). De plus, les propriétés des fibres ne seraient pas un indice direct des caractères de densité du bois et vice versa.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Evaluation Of the Findingssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Evaluation Of the Findingsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Differences in fibre properties in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

et al. 2008

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“…Selection for volume would result in an increase in RW, CS and CSA, but in a negative change in R and L (table III). This is in agreement with results obtained by King et al [10].…”

Section: Optimization Of Single Objective Functionssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In the situation of high uncertainty, when the objective function remains unknown and economic weights unpredictable, the use of MaxiMin solution or restricted selection indexes has been suggested [10,13,16]. The solutions are highly conservative options that may cause losses in potential genetic gain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach would depend on what type of end product is made from improved trees. Generally, the utility of incorporating a certain trait into a tree improvement program should be assessed interactively by considering the genetic aspects such as heritability and genetic correlations together with the economic objective functions including that trait [2,10,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of multiple trait selection in western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) including pulp and paper properties

Ivkovich

Koshy

2002

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Options for incorporating wood quality in British Columbia's hemlock breeding program were investigated. Seventy half-sib families were examined. Attention was given to quantitative variation in tracheid characteristics and its effects on pulp and paper properties. Based on the existing knowledge of relationships between fibre properties and paper quality, the potential gain in yield and wood quality was estimated for different selection strategies. Improvement without much trade-off was possible for volume and tensile strength of pulp and paper. Significant trade-offs would be required to improve the volume, tear strength of paper and strength of mechanical pulp. Therefore, multiobjective optimization would be beneficial. Conservative selection strategies seem realistic, and compromises with gain in volume growth may be profitable. The potential loss arising from the uncertainty about economic values for objectives can be overcome by using different selection indices in multiple breeding populations.Tsuga heterophylla / wood quality / index selection / breeding / optimization Résumé -Optimisation de la sélection multi-caractères pour les propriétés de la pâte et du papier chez (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.). Nous avons étudié plusieurs stratégies d'introduction de la qualité du bois dans le programme d'amélioration génétique de Tsuga heterophylla en Colombie Britannique. Soixante-dix familles de demi-frères ont été examinées. Nous avons observé la variation quantitative des caractéristi-ques des trachéides et analysé ses effets sur les propriétés de la pâte et du papier. En nous basant sur la connaissance des liens entre les propriétés des fibres et la qualité du papier, nous avons estimé le gain potentiel pour le rendement et la qualité du bois pour différentes stratégies de sélec-tion. Il est possible d'améliorer simultanément sans faire beaucoup de compromis le volume et la résistance à la traction de la pâte et du papier. Des compromis importants sont nécessaires pour améliorer simultanément le volume, la résistance à la déchirure du papier, et la résistance à la tension de la pâte TMP. En conséquence, l'optimisation multi-objectifs parait intéressante. Les incertitudes sur les poids économiques des caractères, potentiellement responsables de pertes, peuvent être écartées si on utilise des index de sélection différents sur des populations d'améliora-tion multiples.Tsuga heterophylla / qualité du bois / indice de sélection / amélioration génétique / optimisation

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Tropospheric O₃ moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO₂: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project

et al. 2003

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Summary1. The impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 and/or O 3 have been examined over 4 years using an open-air exposure system in an aggrading northern temperate forest containing two different functional groups (the indeterminate, pioneer, O 3 -sensitive species Trembling Aspen, Populus tremuloides and Paper Birch, Betula papyrifera , and the determinate, late successional, O 3 -tolerant species Sugar Maple, Acer saccharum ). 2. The responses to these interacting greenhouse gases have been remarkably consistent in pure Aspen stands and in mixed Aspen/Birch and Aspen/Maple stands, from leaf to ecosystem level, for O 3 -tolerant as well as O 3 -sensitive genotypes and across various trophic levels. These two gases act in opposing ways, and even at low concentrations (1·5 × ambient, with ambient averaging 34 -36 nL L − 1 during the summer daylight hours), O 3 offsets or moderates the responses induced by elevated CO 2 . 3. After 3 years of exposure to 560 µ mol mol − 1 CO 2 , the above-ground volume of Aspen stands was 40% above those grown at ambient CO 2 , and there was no indication of a diminishing growth trend. In contrast, O 3 at 1·5 × ambient completely offset the growth enhancement by CO 2 , both for O 3 -sensitive and O 3 -tolerant clones. Implications of this finding for carbon sequestration, plantations to reduce excess CO 2 , and global models of forest productivity and climate change are presented.

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The potential of improving western hemlock pulp and paper quality. I. Genetic control and interrelationships of wood and fibre traits

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Differences in fibre properties in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Differences in fibre properties in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Optimization of multiple trait selection in western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) including pulp and paper properties

Tropospheric O₃ moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO₂: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project

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The potential of improving western hemlock pulp and paper quality. I. Genetic control and interrelationships of wood and fibre traits

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Differences in fibre properties in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Differences in fibre properties in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Optimization of multiple trait selection in western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) including pulp and paper properties

Tropospheric O3 moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project

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Product

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Tropospheric O₃ moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO₂: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project