The potential of microalgae and their biopolymers as structuring ingredients in food: A review

Bernaerts, Tom; Gheysen, Lore; Foubert, Imogen; Hendrickx, Marc; Loey, Ann Van

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107419

Cited by 182 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 256 publications

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“…For the pretreatment of microalgae, there are generally used hydrolytic bacteria, capable of breaking the cell wall structures, such as polysaccharides, proteins, other biopolymers, and calcified compounds [82,83]. For example, Bacillus licheniformis bacteria have been used to break the thick cell wall of Chlorella sp., in a study for biogas improvement.…”

Section: Pretreatment Of Microalgae and Water Plants With Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microorganisms and Enzymes Used in the Biological Pretreatment of the Substrate to Enhance Biogas Production: A Review

et al. 2020

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The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LC biomass) prior to the anaerobic digestion (AD) process is a mandatory step to improve feedstock biodegradability and biogas production. An important potential is provided by lignocellulosic materials since lignocellulose represents a major source for biogas production, thus contributing to the environmental sustainability. The main limitation of LC biomass for use is its resistant structure. Lately, biological pretreatment (BP) gained popularity because they are eco-friendly methods that do not require chemical or energy input. A large number of bacteria and fungi possess great ability to convert high molecular weight compounds from the substrate into lower mass compounds due to the synthesis of microbial extracellular enzymes. Microbial strains isolated from various sources are used singly or in combination to break down the recalcitrant polymeric structures and thus increase biogasgeneration. Enzymatic treatment of LC biomass depends mainly on enzymes like hemicellulases and cellulases generated by microorganisms. The articles main purpose is to provide an overview regarding the enzymatic/biological pretreatment as one of the most potent techniques for enhancing biogas production.

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Section: Pretreatment Of Microalgae and Water Plants With Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microorganisms and Enzymes Used in the Biological Pretreatment of the Substrate to Enhance Biogas Production: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…food, high-value products and/or biofuels [1][2][3][4]. Some microalgae species indeed can accumulate high amounts of lipids, the biomass constituents with the highest energy associated [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Improved lipid productivity in Nannochloropsis gaditana in nitrogen-replete conditions by selection of pale green mutants

Cecchin

Berteotti

Paltrinieri

et al. 2020

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background: Nannochloropsis gaditana is a photosynthetic unicellular microalgae considered one of the most interesting marine algae to produce biofuels and food additive due to its rapid growth rate and high lipid accumulation. Although microalgae are attractive platforms for solar energy bioconversion, the overall efficiency of photosynthesis is reduced due to the steep light gradient in photobioreactors. Moreover, accumulation of lipids in microalgae for biofuels production is usually induced in a two-phase cultivation process by nutrient starvation, with additional time and costs associated. In this work, a biotechnological approach was directed for the isolation of strains with improved light penetration in photobioreactor combined with increased lipids productivity. Results: Mutants of Nannochloropsis gaditana were obtained by chemical mutagenesis and screened for having both a reduced chlorophyll content per cell and increased affinity for Nile red, a fluorescent dye which binds to cellular lipid fraction. Accordingly, one mutant, called e8, was selected and characterized for having a 30% reduction of chlorophyll content per cell and an almost 80% increase of lipid productivity compared to WT in nutrient-replete conditions, with C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids being more than doubled in the mutant. Whole-genome sequencing revealed mutations in 234 genes in e8 mutant among which there is a non-conservative mutation in the dgd1 synthase gene. This gene encodes for an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of DGDG, one of the major lipids found in the thylakoid membrane and it is thus involved in chloroplast biogenesis. Lipid biosynthesis is strongly influenced by light availability in several microalgae species, including Nannochloropsis gaditana: reduced chlorophyll content per cell and more homogenous irradiance in photobioreactor is at the base for the increased lipid productivity observed in the e8 mutant. Conclusions: The results herein obtained presents a promising strategy to produce algal biomass enriched in lipid fraction to be used for biofuel and biodiesel production in a single cultivation process, without the additional complexity of the nutrient starvation phase. Genome sequencing and identification of the mutations introduced in e8 mutant suggest possible genes responsible for the observed phenotypes, identifying putative target for future complementation and biotechnological application.

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“…For this reason, understanding the cell acclimation process involved in CO 2 metabolism is crucial to develop new strategies for improving the ability of microalgae to acquire and accumulate carbon. In this work we focused on two of the most promising species for microalgae cultivation at industrial level, C. sorokiniana and C. vulgaris (Li et al, 2013; Sun et al, 2016; Bernaerts et al, 2019; Camacho et al, 2019; Niccolai et al, 2019). They were grown in airlift photobioreactors under atmospheric level of CO 2 (□0.04% CO 2 , AIR condition) or 3% CO 2 (CO 2 condition).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂supply modulates lipid remodelling, photosynthetic and respiratory activities inChlorellaspecies

Cecchin

Paloschi

Busnardo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Microalgae represent potential solutions to reduce the atmospheric CO2 level through photosynthesis. To boost CO2 fixation by microalgae it is essential to understand physiologic and metabolic responses at the base of CO2 assimilation and carbon flow. In this work two Trebouxiophyceae species, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella vulgaris, were investigated for their metabolic responses to high and low CO2 (air level) availability. High CO2 availability resulted in an increase in biomass accumulation in both species but with a different chloroplast and mitochondrial responses. In C. sorokiniana we observed increased polar lipids and protein amount and a balanced NADPH redox state and a similar total respiration in the two conditions analysed. In contrast, in C. vulgaris high CO2 level caused an increase in TAG accumulation and a higher NADPH consumption suggesting a CO2 dependent increase of reducing power consumption in the chloroplast, which in turn influences the redox state of the mitochondria by lowering total dark respiration. Several rearrangements of the photosynthetic machinery were observed in both species, which differ from those described for the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In the case of C. reinhardtii, adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to different CO2 availability relies on the translational repressor NAB1. NAB1 homologous protein could be identified only in C. vulgaris but lacked the regulation mechanisms previously described in C. reinhardtii. These findings highlight that the acclimation strategies to cope with a fluctuating inorganic carbon supply are diverse among green microalgae and point to new biotechnological strategies to boost CO2 fixation.

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The potential of microalgae and their biopolymers as structuring ingredients in food: A review

Cited by 182 publications

References 256 publications

Microorganisms and Enzymes Used in the Biological Pretreatment of the Substrate to Enhance Biogas Production: A Review

Microorganisms and Enzymes Used in the Biological Pretreatment of the Substrate to Enhance Biogas Production: A Review

Improved lipid productivity in Nannochloropsis gaditana in nitrogen-replete conditions by selection of pale green mutants

CO₂supply modulates lipid remodelling, photosynthetic and respiratory activities inChlorellaspecies

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The potential of microalgae and their biopolymers as structuring ingredients in food: A review

Cited by 182 publications

References 256 publications

Microorganisms and Enzymes Used in the Biological Pretreatment of the Substrate to Enhance Biogas Production: A Review

Microorganisms and Enzymes Used in the Biological Pretreatment of the Substrate to Enhance Biogas Production: A Review

Improved lipid productivity in Nannochloropsis gaditana in nitrogen-replete conditions by selection of pale green mutants

CO2supply modulates lipid remodelling, photosynthetic and respiratory activities inChlorellaspecies

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CO₂supply modulates lipid remodelling, photosynthetic and respiratory activities inChlorellaspecies