The potential of miRNA-based therapeutics in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: A review

Rizkita, Leonny Dwi; Astuti, Indwiani

doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2021.03.003

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…In summary, miRNAs have the potential to shape the host’s innate-immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The predominant role of mammalian miRNAs is to decrease target mRNA levels, and the ssvRNA SARS-CoV-2, like mRNA, is likely to be targeted for degradation or modulation by a similar miRNA-mediated mechanism [ 1 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Because the abundance, speciation, and complexity of all miRNAs are both highly variable and unique to an individual, the immunological and physiological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection may also be unique to that individual, and form part of a sncRNA-mediated innate-immune defense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral sequence is highly homologous to the ssvRNAs of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) which also cause acute respiratory pathology and multiple cardiovascular, neurological, and post-infection complications [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is considerably larger than the size of the average cellular messenger RNA (mRNA; ~2000–5000 nt), but like single-stranded mRNA, appears to be intrinsically susceptible to complementary base-pair interaction with other ssRNAs, including sncRNA and miRNA (this interaction also involves RNA binding ribonucleoproteins and Argonaute (AGO) proteins, which guide the repression of mRNA targets [ 17 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].). For example, the first report for the affinity of any miRNA for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome was for the 23 nt human miRNA hsa-miRNA-5197-5p (encoded at chr 5q31.3; 5′-CAAUGGCACAAACUCAUUCUUGA-3′; accessed on 15 June 2021) that is over 90% homologous to a 3′ down-stream region of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence [ 15 , 16 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introduction—overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SARS-CoV-2 virus is considerably larger than the size of the average cellular messenger RNA (mRNA; ~2000–5000 nt), but like single-stranded mRNA, appears to be intrinsically susceptible to complementary base-pair interaction with other ssRNAs, including sncRNA and miRNA (this interaction also involves RNA binding ribonucleoproteins and Argonaute (AGO) proteins, which guide the repression of mRNA targets [ 17 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].). For example, the first report for the affinity of any miRNA for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome was for the 23 nt human miRNA hsa-miRNA-5197-5p (encoded at chr 5q31.3; 5′-CAAUGGCACAAACUCAUUCUUGA-3′; accessed on 15 June 2021) that is over 90% homologous to a 3′ down-stream region of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence [ 15 , 16 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Subsequent RNA sequencing and other studies have shown that at least ~160, 18–22 nt naturally occurring human miRNAs have perfect complementarity in the miRNA-mRNA ‘ seed region ’ to the single-stranded SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome; the top human host miRNA candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 ssvRNA genome include those of the miRNA-16, miRNA-21, miRNA-29a/b, let-7b, let-7e, miRNA-122, miRNA-146a microRNA families and others [ 17 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introduction—overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the first report for the affinity of any miRNA for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome was for the 23 nt human miRNA hsa-miRNA-5197-5p (encoded at chr 5q31.3; 5′-CAAUGGCACAAACUCAUUCUUGA-3′; accessed on 15 June 2021) that is over 90% homologous to a 3′ down-stream region of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence [ 15 , 16 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Subsequent RNA sequencing and other studies have shown that at least ~160, 18–22 nt naturally occurring human miRNAs have perfect complementarity in the miRNA-mRNA ‘ seed region ’ to the single-stranded SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome; the top human host miRNA candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 ssvRNA genome include those of the miRNA-16, miRNA-21, miRNA-29a/b, let-7b, let-7e, miRNA-122, miRNA-146a microRNA families and others [ 17 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Interestingly, multiple studies have shown an elevation of the NF-kB-inducible, pro-inflammatory miRNA-146a in both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and prion disease (PrD) and the selective induction of miRNA-146a by both human DNA and RNA neurotrophic viruses, including herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1; Herpesviridae ; dsDNA genome), Hantavirus (HTV; Bunyaviridae; (−) ssRNA genome) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; Retroviridae ; (+) ssRNA genome; [ 17 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introduction—overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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microRNA Heterogeneity, Innate-Immune Defense and the Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Commentary

Lukiw

2021

ncRNA

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the genus Betacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, possesses an unusually large single-stranded viral RNA (ssvRNA) genome of about ~29,811 nucleotides (nt) that causes severe and acute respiratory distress and a highly lethal viral pneumonia known as COVID-19. COVID-19 also presents with multiple ancillary systemic diseases and often involves cardiovascular, inflammatory, and/or neurological complications. Pathological viral genomes consisting of ssvRNA, like cellular messenger RNA (mRNA), are susceptible to attack, destruction, neutralization, and/or modulation by naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) within the host cell, some of which are known as microRNAs (miRNAs). This paper proposes that the actions of the 2650 known human miRNAs and other sncRNAs form the basis for an under-recognized and unappreciated innate-immune regulator of ssvRNA viral genome activities and have implications for the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 invasion, infection, and replication. Recent research indicates that both miRNA and mRNA abundance, speciation, and complexity varies widely amongst human individuals, and this may: (i) In part explain the variability in the innate-immune immunological and pathophysiological response of different human individuals to the initiation and progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple tissue types; and (ii) further support our understanding of human biochemical and genetic individuality and the variable resistance of individuals to ssvRNA-mediated viral infection and disease. This commentary will briefly address current findings and concepts in this fascinating research area of non-coding RNA and innate-immunity with special reference to natural host miRNAs, SARS-CoV-2, and the current COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction—overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction—overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction—overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

microRNA Heterogeneity, Innate-Immune Defense and the Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Commentary

Lukiw

2021

ncRNA

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“…miRNAs in COVID-19: a) miR-223: Down [1800]. [ ] b) miR-214: Down [1636,1637,1638]. [ ] c) miR-16-5p: Down [1637].…”

Section: [P-5]mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-COV-2 acts as a test of Air Pollution, Lifestyle Disorders and Immune Tolerance dysregulation in human body

Karthik¹

2021

Preprint

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SARS-COV-2 is reported to be associated with severe immune dysregulation, delayed humoral responses and accelerated innate immune response mediated damages. As the pandemic is turning the world upside down, In order to address this disease we should first get an insight into the mechanism of action through which SARS-COV-2 is achieving the above said dysregulating or modulating effects on human immune system. T his article presents the basic or skeletal mechanism through which SARS-COV-2 dysregulates immune system by targeting innate immune system, adaptive immune system and different immune tolerance check points by dysregulating different miRNA’s and the preexisting conditions or comorbidities of the patients. This article comprises of the comparative and comprehensive literature review targeting all topics with the data available/reported till date in the scientific community.

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miRNAs; a novel strategy for the treatment of COVID‐19

Hao

Ebrahimi

Keivan

et al. 2021

Cell Biology International

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is the seventh member of the bat severe acute respiratory syndrome family. COVID‐19 can fuse their envelopes with the host cell membranes and deliver their genetic material. COVID‐19 attacks the respiratory system and stimulates the host inflammatory responses, enhances the recruitment of immune cells, and promotes angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 activities. Patients with confirmed COVID‐19 may have experienced fever, dry cough, headache, dyspnea, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute heart injury. Several strategies such as oxygen therapy, ventilation, antibiotic or antiviral therapy, and renal replacement therapy are commonly used to decrease COVID‐19‐associated mortality. However, these approaches may not be good treatment options. Therefore, the search for an alternative‐novel therapy is urgently important to prevent the disease progression. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising strategy for COVID‐19. The design of oligonucleotide against the genetic material of COVID‐19 might suppress virus RNA translation. Several previous studies have shown that host miRNAs play an antiviral role and improve the treatment of patients with COVID‐19. miRNAs by binding to the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) or 5′‐UTR of viral RNA play an important role in COVID‐19‐host interplay and viral replication. miRNAs interact with multiple pathways and reduce inflammatory biomarkers, thrombi formation, and tissue damage to accelerate the patient outcome. The information in this review provides a summary of the current clinical application of miRNAs for the treatments of patients with COVID‐19.

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The potential of miRNA-based therapeutics in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: A review

Cited by 20 publications

References 94 publications

microRNA Heterogeneity, Innate-Immune Defense and the Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Commentary

microRNA Heterogeneity, Innate-Immune Defense and the Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Commentary

SARS-COV-2 acts as a test of Air Pollution, Lifestyle Disorders and Immune Tolerance dysregulation in human body

miRNAs; a novel strategy for the treatment of COVID‐19

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