The potential of nematophagous fungi to control the free-living stages of nematode parasites of sheep: feeding and block studies with Duddingtonia flagrans

Waller, P.J.; Knox, Malcolm; Faedo, M.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00542-8

Cited by 60 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This finding was consistent with previous studies of prototype fungal feed blocks, where spore viability declined with the storage in block formulations where water was a significant component [23]. This is attributed to the likely initiation of germination processes by the chlamydospores, which would render them susceptible to the harsh environmental conditions of the ruminant gut.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…As in the studies in Denmark [8,9] and Australia [13,23], the Malaysian D. flagrans isolate was found to grow most satisfactorily on moist, sterilized cereal grains. Autoclaving the moistened green peas and small red beans caused them to adhere into sticky solid masses, and the hard pericarp of large red beans, soya beans and black beans prevented the complete absorption of the added water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Although the Malaysian isolate of D. flagrans grew profusely, as evidenced by the abundant white mycelial growth on the grain substrates, its production of chlamydospores was much lower after 6 weeks of incubation (Х 1 × 10 5 /g dried grain), compared with Australian isolates (Х 5 × 10 5 /g dried grain, after 4-5 weeks incubation [23]) and Danish isolates (Х 2.5 × 10 5 / grain of barley incubated for 2 weeks at 20-22 o C [9]). Intra-species variation of nematophagous fungi in various morphological and physiological characteristics, including the production of conidia and/or chlamydospores, is well known [16,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nematophagous fungi as a biological control agent for nematode parasites of small ruminants in Malaysia: a special emphasis on Duddingtonia flagrans

et al. 2002

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-Approximately 2 800 fresh dung samples from animals, mainly ruminant livestock, were screened for the presence of nematophagous fungi in Malaysia. Arthrobotrys spp. was noted on numerous occasions, but only one isolate of Duddingtonia flagrans was made. For the purposes of producing sufficient quantities of this fungus for feeding trials in sheep, various, commonly available, cheap plant materials were tested as possible growth substrates. This showed that cereal grains (wheat, millet and rice) were the best media for fungal growth. Pen feeding trials were carried out using sheep, both naturally and experimentally infected with nematode parasites (predominantely Haemonchus contortus), to test the efficiency of D. flagrans when administered either in a grain supplement, or incorporated into a feed block. These showed that the fungus survived gut passage in sheep and that dose rates of approximately 1× 10 6 D. flagrans spores / animal / day, reduced the percentage of infective larvae developing in faecal cultures by more than 90%. These results indicate that using D. flagrans as a biological control agent of nematode parasites, is a promising alternative to nematode parasite control of small ruminants in Malaysia, where anthelmintic resistance is now a major problem. Résumé -Les champignons nématophages comme agents de contrôle des nématodes des petits ruminants en Malaisie : l'exemple de Duddingtonia flagrans. La présence de champignons néma-tophages a été recherchée dans environ 2 800 échantillons de fèces d'animaux, provenant principalement de troupeaux de ruminants, en Malaisie. Arthrobotrys spp. a été trouvé à de nombreuses occasions, mais seul un isolat de Duddingtonia flagrans a été détecté. Afin de produire des quantités suffisantes de ce champignon pour des tests dans l'alimentation du mouton, plusieurs plantes facilement disponibles et bon marché ont été testées en tant que substrat de croissance. Ces essais ont montré que les grains de céréales (blé, millet et riz) constituaient le meilleur milieu pour la croissance des champignons. Des essais alimentaires en enclos ont été menés en utilisant des moutons infestés naturellement ou expérimentalement par les nématodes parasites (principalement Haemonchus contortus), afin de tester l'efficacité de D. flagrans administré soit dans un supplément de grains, soit incorporé dans un bloc de nourriture. Les résultats ont montré que le champignon survivait au passage dans les intestins de mouton et que des doses d'environ 10 6 spores de D. flagrans par animal et par jour réduisaient de plus de 90 % le pourcentage de larves infectieuses se développant dans les cultures fécales. Ces résultats montrent que le principe de l'utilisation D. flagrans comme agent biologique de contrôle des nématodes parasites des petits ruminants est une alternative prometteuse en Malaisie, où la résistance aux anthelmintiques est aujourd'hui un problème majeur.parasite nématode / ruminant / tropique / contrôle biologique

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nematophagous fungi as a biological control agent for nematode parasites of small ruminants in Malaysia: a special emphasis on Duddingtonia flagrans

et al. 2002

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“…Two isolates of D. flagrans were isolated from compost and three from leaf litter. Duddingtonia flagrans grows well on cereals and approximately 250 000 chlamydospores have been counted on the surface of a single grain of barley (Grønvold, Wolstrup, Nansen, Henriksen, Larsen & Bresciani 1993 (Waller, Faedo & Ellis, 2001;Waller, Knox & Faedo 2001). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of nematophagous fungi in South Africa : research communication

Durand¹,

Boshoff²,

Michael³

et al. 2005

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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Three hundred and eighty-four samples of leaf litter, soil, faeces from domestic and game animals, compost and aqueous cultures of infective nematode larvae contaminated with unidentified fungi were plated out on water agar, baited with pure infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus, incubated and examined for the presence of nematophagous fungi. Duddingtonia flagrans was isolated from five samples, and 73 samples were positive for other nematophagous fungi.

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“…Clearly, much greater opportunities for this innovation would occur if effective methods of D. flagrans depot delivery were available. Although work has been conducted aimed at developing fungal feed blocks [47,48], and fungal-controlled release devices [49], at this stage none of these prototype devices provide the effective parasite control (continuous spore release) for the minimum required time of at least two months in temperate environments.…”

Section: Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%