The Potential of Non-Provitamin A Carotenoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Murillo, Ana Gabriela; DiMarco, Diana M; Fernández, María Luz

doi:10.3390/biology5040042

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…There are hundreds of naturally‐occurring carotenoids identified . Among them, there is experimental evidence that lycopene, the acyclic isomer of β‐carotene that is mainly found in tomatoes, main ingredient of MD, can be effective in the dietary prevention of NAFLD . Interestingly, lycopene has been shown to prevent not only steatosis and inflammation but also carcinogenesis in a rat model of NASH‐related HCC …”

Section: The Association Between Individual Components Of the MD And mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediterranean dietary pattern as the diet of choice for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence and plausible mechanisms

Zelber‐Sagi

Salomone²,

Mlynarsky

2017

Liver International

209

162

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major global health burden, leading to increased risk for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle intervention aiming at weight reduction is the most established treatment. However, changing the dietary composition even without weight loss can also reduce steatosis and improve metabolic alterations as insulin resistance and lipid profile. The Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern has been proposed as appropriate for this goal, and was recommended as the diet of choice for the treatment of NAFLD by the EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines. The MD has an established superiority in long term weight reduction over low fat diet, but it improves metabolic status and steatosis even without it.However, the effect on liver inflammation and fibrosis was tested only in few observational studies with positive results. Furthermore, considering the strong association between NAFLD and diabetes and CVD, the MD has a highly established advantage in prevention of these diseases, demonstrated in randomized clinical trials. The individual components of the MD such as olive oil, fish, nuts, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, have been shown to beneficially effect or negatively correlate with NAFLD, while consumption of components that characterize a Western dietary pattern as soft drinks, fructose, meat and saturated fatty acids have been shown to have detrimental association with NAFLD. In this review we will cover the epidemiological evidence and the plausible molecular mechanisms by which the MD as a whole and each of its components can be of benefit in NAFLD.

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Section: The Association Between Individual Components Of the MD And mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediterranean dietary pattern as the diet of choice for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence and plausible mechanisms

Zelber‐Sagi

Salomone²,

Mlynarsky

2017

Liver International

209

162

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“…The hypothesis is that lycopene could protect the biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, against being oxidized via blocking the damage from ROS (Rao, Ray, & Rao, ). In different disease models, lycopene has been reported possessing capacities in ameliorating oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF‐α, and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) (Assis et al., ; Murillo, DiMarco, & Fernandez, ; Pierine et al., ; Yin et al., ). Besides its antioxidant properties, lycopene was also reported to possess biological activities, such as facilitating gap junction communication, stimulating the immune system, modulating endocrine‐mediated pathways, and regulating cell cycle (Rao et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lycopene Ameliorated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Zheng

Yin

et al. 2019

Journal of Food Science

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We aim to study the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats, anticipating a complementary strategy for the prevention of long-term complications of T2DM. In this study, rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were divided into four groups, receiving a 10-week lycopene intervention: DM, DM + low dose of lycopene (L), DM + medium dose of lycopene (M), and DM + high dose of lycopene (H) group with 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg BW lycopene, respectively. At the end of intervention, fasted blood glucose (FBG) level, oxidative stress indicators, including glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), glycosylated low-density lipoprotein, oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (ox-LDL). and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as antioxidants, that is, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. The results indicated that oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were elevated in DM rats. Lycopene intervention decreased the FBG level in DM rats compared with the untreated ones. It revealed a dose-dependent effect on decreasing serum oxidative stress biomarkers, including GHb, ox-LDL, and MDA. Inflammatory factors (TNF-α and CRP) in DM rats were also decreased by lycopene intervention. Total antioxidative capacity as well as the activities of antioxidants in DM rats including CAT, SOD, and GPx were increased after lycopene intervention. We conclude that lycopene protects against diabetic progression and prevents further complications of diabetic rats through ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as improving the systemic antioxidative capacity.Practical Application: According to our study, lycopene intakes at experimental dosages appear to have beneficial effects on ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats, suggesting that lycopene might help improving T2DM progression when its daily intake is up to about 0.79 mg/kg BW in humans, which approximately equals to 5 mg/kg BW in rats. However, more clinical trials are needed to provide a more reliable and convincing conclusion in humans.

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“…Since diet is widely recognized as a major contributor to the development and pathogenesis of NAFLD, identi cation of dietary components capable of preventing or treating this condition is a necessity and could be of signi cant public health importance [10,11]. In this respect, the potential bene cial effects of high dietary intakes of protein and carotenoids, particularly β-cryptoxanthin (i.e., a major dietary provitamin A carotenoid largely found in citrus fruits and relatively abundant in human blood and tissues), on NAFLD has recently received lots of attention [10,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hypocaloric High-Protein Diet Supplemented with β-Cryptoxanthin Improves Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial

Haidari

Hojhabrimanesh

Helli

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Despite promising animal data, there is no randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effects of high protein (HP)-diet and/or β-cryptoxanthin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Aims: Safety and efficacy assessment of a hypocaloric HP-diet supplemented with β-cryptoxanthin in NAFLD.Methods: Ninety-two Iranian NAFLD outpatients were recruited for this 12-week, single-center, parallel-group, double-blind RCT and randomized into 4 arms (n=23): HP-diet & β-cryptoxanthin (hypocaloric HP-diet + β-cryptoxanthin), HP-diet (hypocaloric HP-diet + placebo), β-cryptoxanthin (standard hypocaloric diet + β-cryptoxanthin), and control (standard hypocaloric diet + placebo). Serum levels of liver enzymes and grade of hepatic steatosis were assessed at baseline and study endpoint as outcome measures.Results: In the intention-to-treat population (N=92), HP-diet & β-cryptoxanthin group experienced greater 12-week reductions in serum levels of liver enzymes than control group (mean difference for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase: -27.2, -7.2, -39.2, and -16.3 IU/L, respectively; all p<0.010). Clinical remission rate (achieving grade 0 hepatic steatosis) in HP-diet & β-cryptoxanthin group (82.6%) was also higher than other groups (13.0%, 17.4%, and 0.0% in HP-diet, β-cryptoxanthin, and control groups, respectively; p<0.001). Sixteen patients reported minor adverse events.Conclusion: A hypocaloric HP-diet supplemented with β-cryptoxanthin safely and efficaciously improves NAFLD.Trial registration number: This trial was registered at http://www.irct.ir as IRCT2017060210181N10.

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The Potential of Non-Provitamin A Carotenoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 37 publications

References 82 publications

The Mediterranean dietary pattern as the diet of choice for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence and plausible mechanisms

The Mediterranean dietary pattern as the diet of choice for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence and plausible mechanisms

Lycopene Ameliorated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

A Hypocaloric High-Protein Diet Supplemented with β-Cryptoxanthin Improves Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial

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