The Potential of Phytomelatonin as a Nutraceutical

Abstract

Phytomelatonin (plant melatonin) is chemically related to the amino acid tryptophan and has many diverse properties. Phytomelatonin is an interesting compound due to its outstanding actions at the cellular and physiological level, especially its protective effect in plants exposed to diverse stress situations, while its vegetable origin offers many opportunities because it is a natural compound. We present an overview of its origin, its action in plants in general (particularly in plant species with high levels of phytomelatonin), and its possibilities for use as a nutraceutical with particular attention paid to the beneficial effects that it may have in human health. The differences between synthetic melatonin and phytomelatonin, according to its origin and purity, are presented. Finally, the current market for phytomelatonin and its limits and potentials are discussed.

Is Phytomelatonin a New Plant Hormone?

“…The same is true for foods of plant origin and their processed and fermented products (juices, musts, wines, infusions, etc.). Additionally, many suggestions have been made regarding its nutraceutical potential [26,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70].…”

Impact of Melatonin on Skeletal Muscle and Exercise

“…In mammals, melatonin has been identified in all body fluids and in several extra-pineal sites such as skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, immune system, testis, and skeletal muscles [80]. Remarkably, during the last decade, the indole has been detected in several edible plants, eggs, and fish, assuming an interesting and promising role as a nutraceutical [81,82]. The compelling evidence of decreased endogenous melatonin in senescence triggered intense research on its potential role as a dietary supplement to prevent and treat aging and age-related diseases [83,84].…”

Melatonin as a Chemical Substance or as Phytomelatonin Rich-Extracts for Use as Plant Protector and/or Biostimulant in Accordance with EC Legislation

“…The objective to obtain melatonin-rich plants (CMC2) is ambitious since phytomelatonin levels in plants are usually very low, and less than 5-10 ng per gram of plant. An exhaustive classification of many plants according to their phytomelatonin content can be consulted [37,237,238]. Generally, medicinal plants have high phytomelatonin content, but this tends to vary widely due to the varied origin of plants, technical conditions of growth, variety, post-harvest treatment, etc.…”