The potential of potato haploids in breeding and genetic research

Hougas, R. W.; Peloquin, S. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02855564

Cited by 121 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For the purpose of breeding at the diploid (2n = 24) level, broad dihaploid material of the common potato had been produced at the Institute de Haaff (Wageningen) by induced parthenogenesis through tetraploid-diploid crosses (HOuGAS & PELOQUIN, 1958). In most of the material the number of chromosomes was counted.…”

Section: Aneuploids From 4x X 2x Crossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The production of aneudihaploids in Solanum tuberosum L. group Tuberosum (the common potato)

Wagenvoort¹,

Lange²

1975

Euphytica

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Trisomic cytotypes were produced in dihaploid (diploid) plants of Solanum tuberosum L. Group Tuberosum, the common potato, according to two methods. Firstly, the aberrant types were selected, through chromosome counting, from parthe.nogenic dihaploid offspring of tetraploid-diploid crosses. In dihaploid populations from twelve tetraploid potato varieties the frequencies of aneuploids ranged from 3.5 to 11.0~g. About 95~ of these aneuploids had only one, and the others not more than two extra chromosomes. Secondly, the aneuploids were produced from triploid-diploid crosses. Seedset strongly depended on the crossability of the parental plant material, and the best results were obtained when the motherplants were grafted onto tomato. On avarage the three most successful cross combinations resulted in approximately 0.7 berries per pollination and 6 seeds per berry. With regard to seedsize the seed could be divided in two groups, viz. normal and small seeds. Half of the seed did not germinate or produced inviable seedlings, especially among the small seed group. About 93~, of the plants was aneuploid, with 25, 26 and 27 being the predominant chromosome numbers. It was concluded that the production of trisomics was the most successful through triploid-diploid crosses. The results were discussed with reference to the chromosomal behaviour in the meiosis in triploid plants (LANGE & WAGENVOORT, 1973a). It thus was possible to relate the low seedset to the distribution of chromosomes in the meiotic anaphases. On the one side this distribution resulted in a limitation of the availability of gametes with monohaploid and near-monohaploid chromosome numbers, while on the other side the macrospores with higher chromosome numbers seemed to be inviable. Finally a crossing scheme was presented for transmitting the trisomic condition into a genetic background with better homogeneity and more homozygosity.

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Section: Aneuploids From 4x X 2x Crossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The production of aneudihaploids in Solanum tuberosum L. group Tuberosum (the common potato)

Wagenvoort¹,

Lange²

1975

Euphytica

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“…Provided there is no selection associated with this process, the haploids express the gametophytic output of the parental tetraploids. Our ability to esti mate double reduction in potato has been enhanced because: (1) the process of extracting haploids has become routine using the haploid pollinator technique (Hougas and Peloquin 1958) and has resulted in large numbers of haploids (Kotch and Peloquin 1987), and (2) researchers have developed codominant potato isozyme loci with the resolution to detect allelic dosage within a tetraploid locus (Staub et al 1984;Martinez Zapater and Olivier 1984;Quiros and McHale 1985;Douches and Quiros 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the coefficient of double reduction in the cultivated tetraploid potato

Haynes

Douches

1993

Theoret. Appl. Genetics

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Summary. Theoretical models to estimate the coeffi cient of double reduction in tetraploid organisms and the standard error of this estimate are derived. Using these models, we were able to estimate the coefficient of double reduction for several loci in tetraploid potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., through examination of segregating isozyme loci in a series of 4x-2x crosses and in haploid progeny derived from six cultivated tetraploid potatoes. Tetraploid x diploid crosses are useful for estimating the frequency of double reduction because of the availability of homozygous diploid tester lines and the. large number of tetraploid progeny generated via the functioning of 2n pollen. The strength of haploid analysis is the examination of diploid progeny. However, it is frequently difficult to obtain large numbers of progeny for testing. Based on our results, we conclude that double reduction occurs sporadically in tetraploid potatoes.

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“…Chromosome doubling has 1 afi tntlreeding effect on the resulting autotetraploid which has been interpreted by some workers as being equivalent to 3.8 generations of conventional selfing (6,24,25) and by others as 2.2 generations ofselfing (21,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Maximizing Heterozygosity in Autopolyploids

Bingham

1980

Polyploidy

124

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Polyploidy appears dependent on heterozygosity! The largest group of po1yp1oids, the a11opo1yp1oids (disomic po1yp1oids), have fixed heterozygosity in the two or more divergent genomes they possess (e.g., wheat, oats, cotton, tobacco, etc.). Hexaploid wheat, for example, although self-pollinated and basically homozygous at loci in each of its three genomes, has internal hybridity among loci with similar function in its three genomes. Disomic po1yp1oids thus are able to capitalize on the merits of both the se1f-and cross-fertilizing systems (1).The autopo1yp1oids (polysomic po1yp1oids) insure their heterozygosity through cross-pollination (e.g., alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, potato, and many grasses). We can find no example in crop plants of a successful polysomic polyploid species which is self-pollinated. Evidently the polysomic condition can not tolerate the homozygosity associated with self-pollination. The biochemical and physiological advantages of heterozygosity must be an important component of polyploid vigor (2). Polysomic po1yp1oids are represented by segregating and heterogeneous populations where maximum heterosis may be expressed by a few elite individuals in the population but not by the population per se. (Apomixis can preserve and perpetuate the elite polyploid individuals but will not be reviewed here.) In our seed reproduced polysomic po1yp1oids we can maximize the frequency of elite genotypes, but at present we cannot fix such genotypes in cultivated populations. As will be illustrated in this paper, maximum heterozygosity and heterosis does not occur in the Fl or single cross generation when parents are inbred (as it does 1n diploids or disomics) but occurs in the segregating double cross or an even later generation. Under polysomic polyploid conditions, the more inbred the parents, the lower the 471 W. H. Lewis (ed.), Polyploidy

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The potential of potato haploids in breeding and genetic research

Cited by 121 publications

References 18 publications

The production of aneudihaploids in Solanum tuberosum L. group Tuberosum (the common potato)

The production of aneudihaploids in Solanum tuberosum L. group Tuberosum (the common potato)

Estimation of the coefficient of double reduction in the cultivated tetraploid potato

Maximizing Heterozygosity in Autopolyploids

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