The potential of salivary biomarkers of nutritional status and dietary intake: A Systematic Review

Logan, Danielle; Wallace, Sue; Woodside, Jayne V.; McKenna, Gerald

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103840

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…From the studies considered herein, evidence would suggest that saliva could represent a viable bio-matrix to allow determination of iodine status. This offers an alternative means for the assessment of iodine nutrition status that is non-invasive and rapid and can be collected by people with little clinical experience ( 43 ) . Additionally, the consistency in salivary iodide secretion within individuals across multiple days lends further credence to its validity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary iodide status as a measure of whole body iodine homoeostasis?

Alsaeedi,

Rose,

Welham

2024

Br J Nutr

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Iodine is a trace element required to produce the thyroid hormones, which are critical for development, growth and metabolism. To ensure appropriate population iodine nutrition, convenient and accurate methods of monitoring are necessary. Current methods for determining iodine status either involve a significant participant burden or are subject to considerable intra-individual variation. The continuous secretion of iodide in saliva potentially permits its use as a convenient, non-invasive assessment of status in populations. To assess its likely effectiveness, we reviewed studies analysing the association between salivary iodide concentration (SIC) and dietary iodine intake, urinary iodide concentration (UIC) and/or 24-h urinary iodide excretion (UIE). Eight studies conducted in different countries met the inclusion criteria, including data for 921 subjects: 702 healthy participants and 219 with health conditions. SIC correlated positively with UIC and/or UIE in four studies, with the strength of relationship ranging from r=0.19 to r=0.90 depending on sampling protocol, age, and if salivary values were corrected for protein concentration. Additionally, SIC positively correlated with dietary intake, being strongest when saliva was collected after dinner. SIC varied with external factors, including thyroid function, use of some medications, smoking, and overall health status. Evidence provided here supports the use of SIC as a viable, low-burden method for determining iodine status in populations. However small sample sizes and high variability indicates the need for more extensive analyses across age groups, ethnicities, disease states and dietary groups to clarify the relative accuracy and reliability in each case and standardise procedure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary iodide status as a measure of whole body iodine homoeostasis?

Alsaeedi,

Rose,

Welham

2024

Br J Nutr

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“…Nails and hair have been shown as promising biomarkers for monitoring systemic fluoride levels from exposure through drinking water (26). Salivary biomarkers have been identified as promising but cannot be used alone, and more research is required (27). Total fluoride in urine and nails is found to correlate with the severity of dental fluorosis, and regarded adequate for assessing relationships in fluoride endemic areas (28).…”

Section: Assessment Of Nutrient Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Kjellevold,

Kippler

2023

Food & Nutrition Research

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Fluoride has a well-documented role in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, but the mechanism is attributed to local effects on the tooth enamel surface rather than systemic effects. Fluoride is not considered essential for humans, no deficiencies are known, and no optimal range, which will not result in moderate fluorosis in some individuals, can be set. Recently, research studies have shown evidence for a relationship between fluoride intake and cognitive outcomes and interaction with iodine nutrition, but the evidence is weak so more data are warranted. For performing longitudinal cohort studies in the Nordic and Baltic region, data on fluoride in food and beverages need to be implemented in food composition tables. As the preventive effects of fluoride are mainly from topical treatment, monitoring of fluoride intake and establishing reference values for fluoride in urine and plasma are warranted to establish safe intake values.

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