The Potential Proconvulsant Effects of Cannabis: a Scoping Review

Kaczor, Eric E.; Greene, Kevin; Zacharia, Jennifer; Tormoehlen, Laura M.; Neavyn, Mark; Carriero, Stephanie

doi:10.1007/s13181-022-00886-3

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Acute toxicity from SCs is more likely to exhibit the following neurological findings in comparison to cannabis: confusion, anxiety, panic attacks, agitation, irritability, and seizures. Very recently, there was a publication citing evidence that cannabis may have proconvulsant effects [103]. In addition, the following have been reported in acute toxicity from SCs including self-mutilation, catatonia or psychomotor retardation, and memory disturbances.…”

Section: Neurologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Brain on Cannabinoids: Adverse Effects of Cannabinoid Products in Children and Adolescents

Chase¹

2023

Cannabinoids - Recent Perspectives and Applications in Human Health

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Cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids) are most often used during adolescence and given the changing norms, enhanced potency, reduced societal perceptions of risk and multitude forms of products for consumption, clinicians need to be become more cognizant of cannabinoid products and their effects. The aim of this narrative review is to briefly discuss acute toxicities and a few chronic toxicities associated with cannabinoids that clinicians are likely to treat. In addition, cannabinoid toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics as it pertains to the clinical effects will be discussed as well as the route of exposure and the clinical implications for therapeutics. Although the neurodevelopmental effects of naturally occurring endocannabinoids will be briefly mentioned, it is beyond the scope of this review to discuss in detail. Regardless, clinicians, parents and patients should be aware of the potential implications that exogenous cannabinoids (cannabis) may have in altering the normative trajectory of brain maturation in pediatric patients.

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Section: Neurologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Brain on Cannabinoids: Adverse Effects of Cannabinoid Products in Children and Adolescents

Chase¹

2023

Cannabinoids - Recent Perspectives and Applications in Human Health

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“…Mögliche prokonvulsive Effekte (Senkung der „Krampfschwelle“ mit höherem Risiko für epileptische Anfälle) des akuten Cannabinoidkonsums werden seit Jahren diskutiert, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit dem Konsum synthetischer Cannabinoide 52 . Die Datenlage hierzu ist nicht eindeutig 53 . Der Konsum von Cannabinoiden hat zudem ungünstige Akut- und Langzeiteffekte auf das (sofern inhalativ konsumiert) respiratorische und insbesondere kardiovaskuläre System, wobei die zugrunde liegenden pathophysiologischen Mechanismen unzureichend verstanden sind.…”

Section: Akute Somatische Störungsbilder Im Zusammenhang Mit Dem Gebr...unclassified

Akute psychiatrische Störungsbilder und medizinische Notfälle im Zusammenhang mit dem Gebrauch von Cannabinoiden

Gahr¹

2023

Nervenheilkunde

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGCannabinoidkonsum ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für zahlreiche akute Erkrankungen assoziiert. Die bedeutsamsten akuten psychiatrischen Störungen durch Cannabinoidkonsum sind Intoxikationen. Diese können sich als Delir oder akute Psychose präsentieren. Cannabinoidkonsum erhöht insbesondere bei Adoleszenten das Risiko für Suizidalität und selbstverletzende Verhaltensweisen. Gelegentlich können Cannabinoidentzugssyndrome eine akute Therapie erfordern. Chronischer Cannabinoidkonsum kann zum Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome führen, das durch episodische, stereotype und akute Übelkeit mit Erbrechen und abdominellen Schmerzen charakterisiert ist. Cannabinoidkonsum hat möglicherweise prokonvulsive Effekte. Chronischer Cannabinoidkonsum führt zu zahlreichen pathologischen respiratorischen Veränderungen, die sich von denen des Tabakrauchens unterscheiden. Das Risiko für plötzlichen Herztod und kardio- und neurovaskuläre Erkrankungen wie Myokardinfarkt, akutes Koronarsyndrom, Vorhof- und Kammerflimmern, periphere arterielle Durchblutungsstörungen und Schlaganfall ist bei chronischem Cannabinoidkonsum erhöht. Cannabinoidkonsum ist zudem mit plötzlichem Tod und Suizid assoziiert. Die Toxizität und das Risiko für die genannten Erkrankungen sind bei synthetischen Cannabinoiden im Allgemeinen größer als bei Produkten aus Cannabis sativa. Cannabinoidkonsum sollte bei der Versorgung der genannten akuten Störungen berücksichtigt werden.

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“…Most studies and anecdotical reports have concluded that plant-derived or synthetic exogenous cannabinoids are generally anti-convulsive (Devinsky et al, 2014;Rosenberg et al, 2015Rosenberg et al, , 2017Kerr et al, 2019), though pro-convulsive effects have also been observed for CB1R agonists, such as THC (Malyshevskaya et al, 2017), WIN (Perescis et al, 2020), or arachidonyl-2'chloroethylamide, ACEA (Vilela et al, 2013; for recent reviews see Smolyakova et al, 2020;Kaczor et al, 2022). Little is known about whether sex differences may exist in the therapeutic action of exogenous cannabinoids in the context of epilepsy, though behavioral changes (e.g., appetite, pain) due to cannabinoid actions do show sex differences in humans and animals (Cooper and Craft, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Molecular Responses to Exogenous Cannabinoids During Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Convulsions in Male and Female Rats

Rosenberg

Méndez-Ruette²,

Gorziglia

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Epilepsy is a disabling, chronic brain disease,affecting ~1% of the World’s population, characterized by recurrent seizures (sudden, uncontrolled brain activity), which may manifest with motor symptoms (e.g., convulsions) or non-motor symptoms. Temporal lobe epilepsies (TLE) compromising the hippocampus are the most common form of focal epilepsies. Resistance in ~1/3 of epileptic patients to the first line of treatment, i.e., antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), has been an important motivation to seek alternative treatments. Among these, the plant Cannabis sativa (commonly known as marihuana) or compounds extracted from it (cannabinoids) have gained widespread popularity. Moreover, sex differences have been proposed in epilepsy syndromes and in cannabinoid action. In the hippocampus, cannabinoids interact with the CB1R receptor whose membrane levels are regulated by β-Arrestin2, a protein that promotes its endocytosis and causes its downregulation. In this article, we evaluate the modulatory role of WIN 55,212-2 (WIN), a synthetic exogenous cannabinoid on behavioral convulsions and on the levels of CB1R and β-Arrestin2 in female and male adolescent rats after a single injection of the proconvulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). As epilepsies can have a considerable impact on synaptic proteins that regulate neuronal toxicity, plasticity, and cognition, we also measured the levels of key proteins markers of excitatory synapses, in order to examine whether exogenous cannabinoids may prevent such pathologic changes after acute seizures. We found that the exogenous administration of WIN prevented convulsions of medium severity in females and males and increased the levels of phosphorylated CaMKII in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we observed a higher degree of colocalization between CB1R and β-Arrestin2 in the granule cell layer.

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The Potential Proconvulsant Effects of Cannabis: a Scoping Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 92 publications

Pediatric Brain on Cannabinoids: Adverse Effects of Cannabinoid Products in Children and Adolescents

Pediatric Brain on Cannabinoids: Adverse Effects of Cannabinoid Products in Children and Adolescents

Akute psychiatrische Störungsbilder und medizinische Notfälle im Zusammenhang mit dem Gebrauch von Cannabinoiden

Behavioral and Molecular Responses to Exogenous Cannabinoids During Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Convulsions in Male and Female Rats

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