The potential regulatory role of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in teleost fish

Abstract

Research over the past two decades has confirmed that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are abundant in cells from yeast to vertebrates, are no longer “junk” transcripts but functional regulators that can mediate various cellular and physiological processes. The dysregulation of ncRNAs is closely related to the imbalance of cellular homeostasis and the occurrence and development of various diseases. In mammals, ncRNAs, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been shown to serve as biomarkers and intervention targets in growth, development, immunity, and disease progression. The regulatory functions of lncRNAs on gene expression are usually mediated by crosstalk with miRNAs. The most predominant mode of lncRNA-miRNA crosstalk is the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis, in which lncRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Compared to mammals, little attention has been given to the role and mechanism of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in teleost species. In this review, we provide current knowledge about the teleost lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis, focusing on its physiological and pathological regulation in growth and development, reproduction, skeletal muscle, immunity to bacterial and viral infections, and other stress-related immune responses. Herein, we also explored the potential application of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in the aquaculture industry. These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of ncRNA and ncRNA-ncRNA crosstalk in fish biology to improve aquaculture productivity, fish health and quality.

Epigenetic Modulations For Prevention of Infectious Diseases in Shrimp Aquaculture

“…These ncRNAs, which do not code for proteins, are classified into two categories, housekeeping and regulatory ncRNAs, where, based on their size, regulatory ncRNAs are further categorized as short-chain ncRNAs (including siRNAs and miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncR-NAs) (Figure 5) [96,151,152]. These ncRNAs have demonstrated crucial roles in various processes (including stress responses and immune functions), particularly involving the mechanism called "RNAi (RNA interference)", which is a biological process that involves the silencing of gene expression by targeting specific mRNA molecules for degradation and/or translational repression across various organisms [153][154][155]. While there are shared regulatory principles of ncRNAs in vertebrates and invertebrates, the evolutionary and functional divergence among these groups has given rise to some peculiar differences [156,157].…”

Epigenetic Modulations for Prevention of Infectious Diseases in Shrimp Aquaculture

“…These ncRNAs, which do not code for proteins, are classified into two categories, housekeeping and regulatory ncRNAs, where, based on their size, regulatory ncRNAs are further categorized as short-chain ncRNAs (including siRNAs and miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) ( Figure 5 ) [ 96 , 151 , 152 ]. These ncRNAs have demonstrated crucial roles in various processes (including stress responses and immune functions), particularly involving the mechanism called “RNAi (RNA interference)”, which is a biological process that involves the silencing of gene expression by targeting specific mRNA molecules for degradation and/or translational repression across various organisms [ 153 , 154 , 155 ]. While there are shared regulatory principles of ncRNAs in vertebrates and invertebrates, the evolutionary and functional divergence among these groups has given rise to some peculiar differences [ 156 , 157 ].…”

MicroRNA Regulation in Infectious Diseases and Its Potential as a Biosensor in Future Aquaculture Industry: A Review

“…lncRNAs participate in various biological processes, such as reproduction, immune responses and development, and others, by regulating gene transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels [6,7]. There are four action modes in lncRNAs mechanism to interact with a range of DNAs, RNAs, and proteins to modulate the biological functions: (1) acts as molecular signalling inducer that can be used alone or interact with other transcriptional factors or enzymes to mediate the transcription; (2) acts as a molecular decoy which binds to functional proteins or miRNAs, thereby blocking the gene regulation or inhibitory effect of miRNAs on mRNA; (3) acts as a molecular guide to carry the functional proteins and localize on the target DNA area to perform the function; (4) acts as a molecular scaffold in which the same lncRNA binds to multiple transcription factors to regulate gene transcription [8][9][10]. Among these, the interaction between lncRNAs and miRNAs is the predominant action mode found in aquaculture that has been revealed by several studies [11][12][13][14].…”