The Potential Role of Biomarkers Associated with ASCVD Risk: Risk-Enhancing Biomarkers

Choi, Seonghoon

doi:10.12997/jla.2019.8.2.173

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Despite significant advances in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), which mainly include coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, remain one of the leading causes of death worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. Established risk factors of ASCVDs include age, the male sex, family history of ASCVDs, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesteremia, and diabetes [ 3 , 4 ]. However, more recent studies have demonstrated that some patients without these risk factors may still develop ASCVDs, thus highlighting the importance of identifying novel risk factors for ASCVDs in the general population [ 5 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triglyceride–glucose index and the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

Ding

Wang

et al. 2021

Cardiovasc Diabetol

213

140

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Background Insulin resistance has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). This study evaluated the association between the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a novel surrogate indicator of insulin resistance, and the incidence of ASCVDs in people without ASCVDs at baseline by performing a meta-analysis. Methods Cohort studies reporting the multivariate-adjusted association between the TyG index and the incidence of ASCVDs were obtained by searching the PubMed and Embase databases. A random-effects model incorporating intra-study heterogeneity was applied to combine the results. Results Eight cohort studies comprising 5,731,294 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that compared to those with the lowest TyG index category, participants with the highest TyG index category were independently associated with a higher risk of ASCVDs [hazard ratio (HR): 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–2.01, I2 = 80%, P < 0.001]. This finding was consistent with the meta-analysis results with the TyG index analyzed as a continuous variable (HR per 1-unit increment of the TyG index: 1.39, 95% CI 1.18–1.64, I2 = 89%, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested that the age, sex, and diabetic status did not significantly affect the association (for subgroup analyses, all P > 0.05). Moreover, participants with the highest TyG index category were independently associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease [(CAD), HR: 1.95, 95% CI 1.47–2.58, I2 = 92%, P < 0.001] and stroke (HR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.23–1.29, I2 = 0%, P < 0.001). Conclusions A higher TyG index may be independently associated with a higher incidence of ASCVDs, CAD, and stroke in people without ASCVDs at baseline.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triglyceride–glucose index and the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

Ding

Wang

et al. 2021

Cardiovasc Diabetol

213

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, most of the evidence was deemed to be “limited” or “insufficient.” Secondly, although diabetes has been well established as a strong risk factor of CVD, 102 and a predictive equation for CHD has been developed for the Korean population, 103 we focused our research on only hypertension and dyslipidemia because the population-attributable risk of diabetes for CVD was fourth-highest in Korean men and third-highest in Korean women, after the population-attributable risks of hypertension and dyslipidemia for CVD. 18 Thirdly, although several other biomarkers of atherosclerotic CVD have been reported for the Korean population, such as the ankle-brachial index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein B, and the coronary artery calcium score, 104 data on these biomarkers were not available for the analysis. Lastly, the currently available data were insufficient to perform a dose-response meta-analysis for all the associations or to analyze the effects of different subtypes of meat and fat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Dietary Intake with Cardiovascular Disease, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Profile in the Korean Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim

Hoang

et al. 2020

J Lipid Atheroscler

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Objective: Previous studies have separately reported the contributions of dietary factors to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its markers, including blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. This study systematically reviewed the current evidence on this issue in the Korean population. Methods: Sixty-two studies from PubMed and Embase were included in this meta-analysis. We performed a random-effects model to analyze pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the consumption of 14 food items, three macro-and eight micro-nutrients, two dietary patterns, and three dietary indices. Results: An analysis of pooled effect sizes from at least four individual study populations showed significant associations between coffee consumption and CVD (OR/HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52-0.97) and elevated/high triglycerides (TG) (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.90), sugarsweetened beverage intake and elevated BP (OR/HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.33), and milk and dairy intake and elevated/high TG and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR/HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.89 for both). Carbohydrate consumption and the lowcarbohydrate-diet score were consistently related to an approximately 25% risk reduction for elevated TG and low HDL-C. A lower risk of elevated total cholesterol, but not low-density lipoprotein, was additionally observed for those with a higher low-carbohydrate-diet score. A healthy dietary pattern was only associated with a reduced risk of elevated TG in the Korea National Cancer Screenee Cohort (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98). Conclusion: This study showed that milk and dairy and coffee had protective effects for CVD and its risk factors, such as BP and lipid profile, while sugar-sweetened beverages exerted harmful effects.

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“…Apart from a different methodological approach, we included more up-to-date RCTs in this study, but excluded several RCTs with issues that might cause discrepancies. Several lipid biomarkers, including TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C have been reported to be associated with CVD risk [ 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. Omega-3 fatty acids can decrease plasma TG levels by reducing the production of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increasing chylomicron clearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Death between Statins and Omega-3 Supplementation: A Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis from 55 Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2020

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Statins and omega-3 supplementation have shown potential benefits in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their comparative effects on mortality outcomes, in addition to primary and secondary prevention and mixed population, have not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the effect of statins and omega-3 supplementation and indirectly compare the effects of statin use and omega-3 fatty acids on all-cause mortality and CVD death. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from meta-analyses published until December 2019. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to indirectly compare the effect of statin use versus omega-3 supplementation in a frequentist network meta-analysis. In total, 55 RCTs were included in the final analysis. Compared with placebo, statins were significantly associated with a decreased the risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86–0.94) and CVD death (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.80–0.92), while omega-3 supplementation showed a borderline effect on all-cause mortality (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94–1.01) but were significantly associated with a reduced risk of CVD death (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87–0.98) in the meta-analysis. The network meta-analysis found that all-cause mortality was significantly different between statin use and omega-3 supplementation for overall population (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85–0.98), but borderline for primary prevention and mixed population and nonsignificant for secondary prevention. Furthermore, there were borderline differences between statin use and omega-3 supplementation in CVD death in the total population (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.82–1.04) and primary prevention (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.68–1.05), but nonsignificant differences in secondary prevention (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.66–1.43) and mixed population (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.75–1.14). To summarize, statin use might be associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality than omega-3 supplementation. Future direct comparisons between statin use and omega-3 supplementation are required to confirm the findings.

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The Potential Role of Biomarkers Associated with ASCVD Risk: Risk-Enhancing Biomarkers

Cited by 27 publications

References 46 publications

Triglyceride–glucose index and the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

Triglyceride–glucose index and the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

Associations of Dietary Intake with Cardiovascular Disease, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Profile in the Korean Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Death between Statins and Omega-3 Supplementation: A Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis from 55 Randomized Controlled Trials

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