The Potential Role of Digital Nudging in the Digital Transformation of the Healthcare Industry

Meske, Christian; Amojo, Ireti; Poncette, Akira-Sebastian; Balzer, Felix

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23538-3_25

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Nudges in the form of messages presented to the patient (eg, “Most of your friends have used VC before to contact their physician.”) can potentially lead to higher use intentions. Our findings expand prior research that shows that digital nudges can positively influence the willingness to use novel technologies in hospitals [ 76 ]. In turn, our findings contribute to the theoretical concept of nudging by indicating that the use of social norms as a nudging option [ 74 ] holds the potential to increase the acceptance rate of VC in primary care.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Investigating the Acceptance of Video Consultation by Patients in Rural Primary Care: Empirical Comparison of Preusers and Actual Users

Mueller¹,

Knop²,

Niehaves³

et al. 2020

JMIR Med Inform

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Background The ongoing digitalization in health care is enabling patients to receive treatment via telemedical technologies, such as video consultation (VC), which are increasingly being used by general practitioners. Rural areas in particular exhibit a rapidly aging population, with an increase in associated health issues, whereas the level of attraction for working in those regions is decreasing for young physicians. Integrating telemedical approaches in treating patients can help lessen the professional workload and counteract the trend toward the spatial undersupply in many countries. As a result, an increasing number of patients are being confronted with digital treatment and new forms of care delivery. These novel ways of care engender interactions with patients and their private lives in unprecedented ways, calling for studies that incorporate patient needs, expectations, and behavior into the design and application of telemedical technology within the field of primary care. Objective This study aims to unveil and compare the acceptance-promoting factors of patients without (preusers) and with experiences (actual users) in using VC in a primary care setting and to provide implications for the design, theory, and use of VC. Methods In total, 20 semistructured interviews were conducted with patients in 2 rural primary care practices to identify and analyze patient needs, perceptions, and experiences that facilitate the acceptance of VC technology and adoption behavior. Both preusers and actual users of VC were engaged, allowing for an empirical comparison. For data analysis, a procedure was followed based on open, axial, and selective coding. Results The study delivers factors and respective subdimensions that foster the perceptions of patients toward VC in rural primary care. Factors cover attitudes and expectations toward the use of VC, the patient-physician relationship and its impact on technology assessment and use, patients’ rights and obligations that emerge with the introduction of VC in primary care, and the influence of social norms on the use of VC and vice versa. With regard to these factors, the results indicate differences between preusers and actual users of VC, which imply ways of designing and implementing VC concerning the respective user group. Actual users attach higher importance to the perceived benefits of VC and their responsibility to use it appropriately, which might be rooted in the technological intervention they experienced. On the contrary, preusers valued the opinions and expectations of their peers. Conclusions The way the limitations and potential of VC are perceived varies across patients. When practicing VC in primary care, different aspects should be considered when dealing with preusers, such as maintaining a physical interaction with the physician or incorporating social cues. Once the digital intervention takes place, patients tend to value benefits such as flexibility and effectiveness over potential concerns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Investigating the Acceptance of Video Consultation by Patients in Rural Primary Care: Empirical Comparison of Preusers and Actual Users

Mueller¹,

Knop²,

Niehaves³

et al. 2020

JMIR Med Inform

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…can potentially lead to higher use intentions. Our findings expand prior research that shows that digital nudges can positively influence the willingness to use novel technologies in hospitals [76]. In turn, our findings contribute to the theoretical concept of nudging by indicating that the use of social norms as a nudging option [74] holds the potential to increase the acceptance rate of VC in primary care.…”

Section: Social Impact On the Use And Design Of Vcsupporting

confidence: 84%

Investigating the Acceptance of Video Consultation by Patients in Rural Primary Care: Empirical Comparison of Preusers and Actual Users (Preprint)

Mueller¹,

Knop²,

Niehaves³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Healthcare technologies such as telemedical systems for physician consultation are being used increasingly by general practitioners (GPs). Rural areas in particular exhibit a rapidly ageing population, with an increase in associated health issues, while the level of attractiveness for working in those regions is decreasing for young physicians. Accordingly, integrating telemedical approaches in treating patients can help to lessen the professional workload and counteract the ongoing trend towards the spatial undersupply that can be seen in many countries. However, these novel ways of care engender interactions with patients, their private lives, and norms in unprecedented ways, calling for studies that incorporate patient needs, concerns, expectations, and behavior into the design and application of telemedical health technology within the field of primary care. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to unveil and compare acceptance-promoting factors of patients without (pre-users) and with experiences (actual users) in using telemedicine in primary care settings and provide implications for the design and theory of telemedical technology in health care. METHODS Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients in two rurally located primary care practices in order to identify and analyze patient needs, attitudes, and perceptions that facilitate the acceptance of telemedical technology and adoption behavior. Both pre-users and actual users of a telemedical video consultation system were engaged, allowing for an empirical comparison. For data analysis, a three-fold procedure was followed based on open, axial, and selective coding. RESULTS The study delivers several factors and respective subdimensions that foster the attitudes and perceptions of patients towards telemedicine in rural primary care. Factors cover (1) attitudes and expectations towards telemedical technologies, (2) the patient-physician-relationship and its impact on technology assessment and use, (3) patients’ rights and obligations that emerge with the introduction of telemedicine in primary care, and (4) the influence of social norms on the use of telemedicine and vice versa. With regard to these factors, results indicate differences between pre-users and actual users of telemedicine, which imply dedicated ways of designing and implementing telemedicine concerning the respective user group. Actual users attach higher importance to the perceived benefits of telemedicine and their responsibility to use it appropriately, which might be rooted in the technological intervention they experienced. On the contrary, pre-users highly value the opinions and expectations of their peers. CONCLUSIONS The way the limitations and potential of telemedicine are perceived varies across patients. When practicing telemedicine, different aspects should be in focus when dealing with pre-users, such as maintaining a physical interaction with the physician or incorporating social cues. Once the digital intervention takes place, patients tend to value benefits such as flexibility and effectiveness over potential concerns.

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“…Digital nudges follow the same principles and modalities of nudges as such. However, the fundamental difference between traditional nudges and digital nudges lies in the latter allowing for greater versatility and opportunities for choice architects due to the more dynamic, informational, and automated character of the digital environment (Meske et al 2019). In addition, new digital patient-centric nudges, with tools such as simplifications, default settings, decision staging, feedback, reminders and others, offer virtual medical care and assistance in and outside hospitals and in domestic or commercial care practices even outside the healthcare domain (Meske et al 2019).…”

Section: Digital Nudging In Healthcarementioning

confidence: 99%

Responsible nudging for social good: new healthcare skills for AI-driven digital personal assistants

Capasso

Umbrello

2021

Med Health Care and Philos

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Traditional medical practices and relationships are changing given the widespread adoption of AI-driven technologies across the various domains of health and healthcare. In many cases, these new technologies are not specific to the field of healthcare. Still, they are existent, ubiquitous, and commercially available systems upskilled to integrate these novel care practices. Given the widespread adoption, coupled with the dramatic changes in practices, new ethical and social issues emerge due to how these systems nudge users into making decisions and changing behaviours. This article discusses how these AI-driven systems pose particular ethical challenges with regards to nudging. To confront these issues, the value sensitive design (VSD) approach is adopted as a principled methodology that designers can adopt to design these systems to avoid harming and contribute to the social good. The AI for Social Good (AI4SG) factors are adopted as the norms constraining maleficence. In contrast, higher-order values specific to AI, such as those from the EU High-Level Expert Group on AI and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, are adopted as the values to be promoted as much as possible in design. The use case of Amazon Alexa's Healthcare Skills is used to illustrate this design approach. It provides an exemplar of how designers and engineers can begin to orientate their design programs of these technologies towards the social good.

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The Potential Role of Digital Nudging in the Digital Transformation of the Healthcare Industry

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Investigating the Acceptance of Video Consultation by Patients in Rural Primary Care: Empirical Comparison of Preusers and Actual Users

Investigating the Acceptance of Video Consultation by Patients in Rural Primary Care: Empirical Comparison of Preusers and Actual Users

Investigating the Acceptance of Video Consultation by Patients in Rural Primary Care: Empirical Comparison of Preusers and Actual Users (Preprint)

Responsible nudging for social good: new healthcare skills for AI-driven digital personal assistants

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