The Potential Role of Quercus Infectoria Gall Extract on Osteoblast Function and Bone Metabolism

Abstract

The galls of the Quercus infectoria (QI) tree are traditionally believed to have great medicinal value. Pharmacologically the galls are claimed to have various biological activities such as astringent effect, antidiabetic, antitremorine, local anaesthetic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and many more. These pharmacological activities of gall extracts were reported to be due to its excellent antioxidant activity with phytochemicals constituents of phenolic and flavanoid compounds. The phenolic compounds or polyphenols can act on bone metabolism by modulating osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization, as well as osteoclastogenesis. In addition, elemental and physico-chemical analysis indicated the presence of important minerals in QI, such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, oxygen, potassium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, manganese, nickel and silica. The current review will be focusing on the potential bone health benefits of the well-known traditional herbal medicine, QI or locally known as the "manjakani".

Untitled

“…[30,31] Polyphenols in QI gall extracts also exhibit anticancer activities in different in vitro models. [22,29,32] Chemopreventive effects of QI against Fe-NTA-induced renal carcinogenesis, inhibition of hyperproliferative response, and diminish oxidative stress were demonstrated by the study done by Rehman et al [33] Wound Healing Activity Animal studies have shown a definite wound healing activity in ethanol extracts of Majuphal. There has been a significant increase in activities of various enzymes associated with wound healing.…”

The potentiation of Mangifera casturi bark extract on interleukin- 1β and bone morphogenic protein-2 expressions during bone remodeling after tooth extraction

“…The plant was reported to have alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins. 8,9 Casturi's bark contains saponins, steroids, and tannins, which have antibacterial properties against S. mutans, 10 S. aureus, and E.coli. 11 The tannins contained in 127.42 grams of Mangifera casturi bark extract is 8.5%.…”

“…Tannins were reported to have effect in increasing the osteoblast's activities and suppressing the osteoclast's activities. 9 The increase of osteoblast's activities by alkaloids and polyphenols such as tannins is because the induction of IL-1β and BMP-2 expressions on wound site. 13 Secondary substances such as polyphenols in foods and plants, one of them being Mangifera casturi, can help bone tissues repair by increasing the osteoblast's activities and suppressing the osteoclast's activities.…”

“…13 Secondary substances such as polyphenols in foods and plants, one of them being Mangifera casturi, can help bone tissues repair by increasing the osteoblast's activities and suppressing the osteoclast's activities. 9 Terpenoids in casturi bark extract was assumed to play a role in bone regeneration process. Triterpenoids have many prominent physiological activities, thus they are used medically in daily life to help cure diabetes, menstruation problems, venomous snake's bite, skin diseases, liver diseases, and malaria.…”

Untitled

“…There are also ointments with powders of galls incorporated in to it as a local application for these anal diseases 3 . Sometimes, the galls are recommended as an antidote for plant poisons due to opium, nux vomica and aconite 4 .…”