The Potential Role of Serum IGF-1 and Leptin as Biomarkers: Towards Screening for and Diagnosing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Abstract

Purpose To investigate the differences of several serum markers among population with different bone mass and to explore the utility of new potential biomarker for the diagnosing and screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Materials and Methods A total of 1055 postmenopausal women were screened and gathered data on BMD screening, biological samples, and questionnaire information. A liquid chip assay was used to measure serum IL-6, IGF-1, BMP-2, VEGF, leptin and FGF23. The predictive value of the indicator panels was assessed using the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC). Statistical analyses were conducted by using SAS 9.4 and R software 4.1.1. Figures were created in GraphPad Prism 8.0. Results When compared against the normal group, in addition to the vitamin D, the PMOP group showed a significant increase in median values for other indicators (P < 0.05), especially in P1NP and β-CTX. Among the six cytokines representing different osteoporosis mechanisms, currently, we found that only IGF-1 and leptin showed significant differences between the groups. Also, the liquid chip assay results showed that IGF-1 and leptin, as newer cytokines in osteoporosis, not only have significant differences between groups, but also have a strong correlation with each other ( P < 0.05). Then, we reported the accuracy of different indicator combinations by using AUC and, moreover, we demonstrated that IGF-1 with leptin did significantly provide incremental value to the AUC of conventional indexes, it markedly improved diagnostic efficacy, displaying an IDI of 9.45% ( P = 0.000). Conclusion IFG-1 and leptin seem to be key biomarker associated with PMOP. The high prevalence of PMOP makes these cytokines might bear the potential of becoming a very useful screening test also for clinical follow-up of patients.

Leptin–VEGF crosstalk in excess body mass and related disorders: A systematic review

“…Human studies have confirmed that leptin-VEGF crosstalk is genderspecific. [125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136] In subjects with obesity, leptin-VEGF crosstalk is strongly associated with oncogenesis and chemoresistance. 109,110 It can be stated that the leptin-VEGF crosstalk in patients with excess body mass, obesity-related disorders, and increased CVR urgently needs further scientific investigation.…”

“…132 Comparing borderline overweight postmenopausal osteoporotic women with overweight non osteoporotic controls, Zhang et al found that the osteoporotic women had lower serum leptin and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, which additionally presented positive correlations with each other, with no differences in VEGF. 133 In premenopausal and postmenopausal women, Morad et al found that VEGF and leptin in breast tissue correlated and that dietary flaxseed affected adipokine levels in the breast. 134 In postmenopausal women, aerobic training lowered serum leptin, interleukin 8 (IL-8), TNF-α, and resistin levels with no effect on VEGF level.…”

Elucidating the relationship between dyslipidemia and osteoporosis: A multicenter, prospective cohort study protocol

“…From 2017 to 2020, we conducted the community-based OP and associated fractures screening in the Beijing area (BEYOND study) in order to explore the prevalence of disease, risk factors, and the characteristics of related biomarkers (6,7). In this study, we found that leptin appears to be a key biomarker associated with PMOP and in combination with other indicators can predict the occurrence of PMOP, suggesting a potential association between lipid metabolismrelated indicators and OP (8). Given the worldwide increased body mass index (BMI) and exponentially growing obesity rate, understanding the risk of osteoporosis in the DL population has never been more important (9).…”

Osteoporosis and Microbiota

“…Ayrıca bağırsak mikrobiyotasının, duygu durumunun regülasyonunda, hormonların üretiminde ve hormon salınımın düzenlenmesinde etkisi vardır. Yapılan bazı çalışmalarda bağırsak mikrobiyomu, obezite, otizm ve multipl skleroz ile de ilişkilendirilmiştir (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28).…”