The potential use of artificially produced monozygotic twins for comparative experiments

Biggers, John D.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(86)90108-1

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Since clones theoretically have no genetic variation, differences in responses to an experimental protocol in animals from a single clonal line should be caused by either environmental factors or treatments. With a clonal line, as with naturally identical twins, there also should be less variation within treatments (Biggers, 1986), and therefore, fewer numbers of animals should be needed for statistically valid comparisons (Biggers, 1986;Erb, 1990). Comparing results between clonal lines would give an insight into genetic differences in experimental responses.…”

Section: Applications Of Clonal Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Transplantation and Embryo Cloning in Mammals

Prather¹

1991

ILAR Journal

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Section: Applications Of Clonal Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Transplantation and Embryo Cloning in Mammals

Prather¹

1991

ILAR Journal

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“…Literature estimates of the intra-pair correlation for monozygous cattle twins have been listed by Biggers (1986). Estimates are high.…”

Section: Intra-clone Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These various parameters (Biggers, 1986). Again this reduction is a simple total production that each niche represents, function of reduced selection intensity.…”

Section: Table 1 Optimum Number (N) To Test Per Clone For Different mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cloning and genetic improvement of beef cattle

Smith

1989

Anim. Sci.

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Cloning of cattle from embryos has been achieved by nuclear transfer. Repeated cloning to produce large clones of genetically identical individuals for commercial use may soon become possible. The main advantage in breeding will come from identifying and using superior clones, selected to fit particular husbandry and marketing niches. Two types of cattle clones will be required, terminal clones chosen for economic merit in production traits, such as growth and carcass traits, and maternal clones chosen for reproduction and maternal traits, such as short calving interval, ease of calving, milking and mothering ability and small mature size. Clonal selection and use will provide several steps of improvement. An initial gain will come by recruiting clones from elite stocks and further responses by selecting the best clones for commercial use. This will reverse the normal improvement lag between breeding and commercial stocks. Heterosis will also be exploited by using crossline clones. For continuous genetic improvement, genetic variation will be maintained by breeding the next generation from a number of selected male and female clones and testing and selecting their progeny, the new set of clones, as before. For maximum improvement rates, both male and female clones will need to be tested. In the short term (5 to 10 years), benefits will come from testing a large number of clones by which gains in economic merit of proportionately 0-15 to 0-30 of the mean can be achieved. Further improvements will come by rebreeding the best clones and testing and selecting the new set of clones from which annual genetic response rates of proportionately 0-02 to 0-03 per year are possible. Cloning thus offers considerable advantages in the improvement of beef cattle.

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“…The efficiency of experimentation using identical (monozygous, MZ) pairs for statistical error control has been considered by Biggers (1986). The gain in efficiency by using twins depends upon the experimental design and the correlation between identicals (the intra-pair correlation, equal to the broad heritabihty).…”

Section: Embryo Splitting and Cloningmentioning

confidence: 99%