The potential utility of smell testing to screen for neurodegenerative disorders

Goodwin, Gregory R; Bestwick, Jonathan P.; Noyce, Alastair

doi:10.1080/14737159.2022.2037424

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…challenging to distinguish PD-related OD from OD caused by other neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease [82]. Nevertheless, PD patients exhibit greater impairment in detection threshold to Alzheimer's disease patients, while the latter group appears to be more affected in terms of identification [69].…”

Section: Pitfalls Of Od As Early Marker In Pdmentioning

confidence: 98%

Opportunities and Pitfalls of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Olfactory Dysfunction as Early Markers in Parkinson’s Disease

Orso,

Brosse,

Frasnelli

et al. 2024

Journal of Parkinson’s Disease

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During its pre-motor stage, Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents itself with a multitude of non-motor symptoms with different degrees of specificity and sensitivity. The most important among them are REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and olfactory dysfunction. RBD is a parasomnia characterized by the loss of REM sleep muscle atonia and dream-enacting behaviors. Olfactory dysfunction in individuals with prodromal PD is usually described as hyposmia (reduced sense of smell) or anosmia (complete loss of olfactory function). These symptoms can precede the full expression of motor symptoms by decades. A close comprehension of these symptoms and the underlying mechanisms may enable early screening as well as interventions to improve patients’ quality of life. Therefore, these symptoms have unmatched potential for identifying PD patients in prodromal stages, not only allowing early diagnosis but potentially opening a window for early, possibly disease-modifying intervention. However, they come with certain challenges. This review addresses some of the key opportunities and pitfalls of both RBD and olfactory dysfunction as early markers of PD.

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Section: Pitfalls Of Od As Early Marker In Pdmentioning

confidence: 98%

Opportunities and Pitfalls of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Olfactory Dysfunction as Early Markers in Parkinson’s Disease

Orso,

Brosse,

Frasnelli

et al. 2024

Journal of Parkinson’s Disease

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“…Anosmia has long been considered a signature prodromal symptom of degenerative diseases such as PD [6], about 50 to 90 percent of PD patients have this symptom. Therefore, it is generally used as a marker of early sensitivity in the preclinical stage of PD.Symptoms such as reduced or loss of olfactory function, paraphilia, and phantom smell are usually shown.However, the pathological mechanism of PD with anosmia is not fully understood, and certain pathological studies have been conducted It was found that there were lesions in both the olfactory center and the peripheral olfactory bulb.Olfactory brain functional areas mainly include the amygdala, anterior piriform area, parahippocampal gyrus, and orbitofrontal gyrus.…”

Section: Have Sensory Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress of Early Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

2023

FMSR

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic central neurodegenerative disease with high morbidity, prevalence and disability rate.PD is generally divided into motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms, of which motor symptoms include myotonia, static tremor, slow movement and postural instability. Constipation, olfactory disorders, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression and cognitive disorders are the main manifestations of non-motor symptoms. At present, the research on the early non-motor symptoms of PD is relatively scattered. Now, the literature and data on the early non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease in recent years are summarized and discussed systematically, and some effective preventive measures are proposed in order to provide new ideas and methods for the follow-up clinical treatment.

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Ethical Considerations for Identifying Individuals in the Prodromal/Early Phase of Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review

Schaeffer,

Yilmaz,

St. Louis

et al. 2024

Journal of Parkinson’s Disease

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The ability to identify individuals in the prodromal phase of Parkinson’s disease has improved in recent years, raising the question of whether and how those affected should be informed about the risk of future disease. Several studies investigated prognostic counselling for individuals with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder and have shown that most patients want to receive information about prognosis, but autonomy and individual preferences must be respected. However, there are still many unanswered questions about risk disclosure or early diagnosis of PD, including the impact on personal circumstances, cultural preferences and specific challenges associated with different profiles of prodromal symptoms, genetic testing or biomarker assessments. This narrative review aims to summarize the current literature on prognostic counselling and risk disclosure in PD, as well as highlight future perspectives that may emerge with the development of new biomarkers and their anticipated impact on the definition of PD.

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The potential utility of smell testing to screen for neurodegenerative disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 90 publications

Opportunities and Pitfalls of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Olfactory Dysfunction as Early Markers in Parkinson’s Disease

Opportunities and Pitfalls of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Olfactory Dysfunction as Early Markers in Parkinson’s Disease

Research Progress of Early Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

Ethical Considerations for Identifying Individuals in the Prodromal/Early Phase of Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review

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