The Power of a Bad Example -- A Field Experiment in Household Garbage Disposal

Dur, Robert; Vollaard, Ben

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2101538

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…it is widely known that litter begets litter [25], [26], [27] and, in the fight against littering, environment-responsible behaviour is one crucial aspect [28], [29], [30]. the social pressure to condemn littering is rising both on global and local levels, and the altruistic behaviour as such is rising (e.g.…”

Section: Degradation Of Supmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Degradation of Single-Use Plastic in Coastal Area

Torn¹,

Möller-Raid²,

Martin³

2022

Int. J. EI

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Occurrence and degradatiOn Of single-use plastic in cOastal areaKaire tOrn, tiia möller-raid & geOrg martin estonian marine institute, university of tartu, estonia. abstract increasing trend of littering of coastal areas and marine environment is recognized globally. in the european union, 80-85% of marine litter is plastic, among which single-use plastic (sup) products represent 50%. the study confirmed that the primary source of sup items on urban beaches of tallinn, estonia, is direct littering by beach visitors. the level of littering is highly dependent on the intensity of beach use. in total, 1492 macrolitter items per 100 m of beach length were registered at urban beach russalka, while remarkably lower values were registered at semi-urban beach Kakumäe. the most frequently found sup items at urban beach were cigarette butts, followed by various packages and sweet wrappers. to assess how quickly the fragmentation of selected sup products takes place in the natural environment, field experiments were carried out. the degradation of disposable paper plates, biodegradable plates and biodegradable waste bags was studied in two terrestrial (open-air vs. buried in soil) and two marine (submerged in seawater above sediment vs. buried in sediment) treatments. the experiment showed that the degradation of biodegradable sup items is limited in natural environment and varied depending on the character of the material of the product and the environment it was exposed to. the studied biodegradable plates had the fastest degradation rate (4 months) and the loss of material was the highest during the first months. in open-air conditions, the degradation process was the slowest. for the biodegradable plastic bags, noticeable decomposition took place only in the seawater above sediment; in other environments, the degradation was slower. therefore, to decrease the impact of plastic, instead of using biodegradable material, the guidance of consumers toward reducing, reusing and recycling of plastic should be promoted.

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Section: Degradation Of Supmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Degradation of Single-Use Plastic in Coastal Area

Torn¹,

Möller-Raid²,

Martin³

2022

Int. J. EI

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Determinants of Littering: An Experimental Analysis

Khawaja¹,

Shah²

2022

pdr

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Littering, the improper disposal of small quantities of waste, is one of the main causes of environmental degradation. To protect the environment from this degradation, we need to factor out the determinants of littering behaviour. In this study, we conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to examine whether people would avoid littering if the social cost of this behaviour was internalised. Based on the microeconomic theory relating to externality, we test whether penalising littering decreases its level compared to when it is not.. The results indicate that when the cost of production of littering is internalised, the level of littering drops. JEL Classification: C92, D62 Keywords: Litter, Externality, Private Cost, Internalisation, Experiment, Baseline Treatment, Cost Treatment

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From Social Deviance to Art: Vandalism, Illicit Dumping, and the Transformation of Matter and Form

Palermo¹

2020

Social Sciences

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In this article, assemblage art is presented to visually underscore social discourse relevant to urban vandalism and illegal dumping. The waste emergency, brought about, in part, also by illegal dumping and littering, is experienced on a daily basis across the globe in industrialized and less-industrialized countries alike. Likewise, vandalism is so pervasive in some areas that we have come to normalize it as intrinsic to urban life. The pieces presented here serve as attention-inducers. Destroyed or dumped things are assembled into new forms which symbolically and “totemically” represent [contemporary] collective identity. While the poetics of the art presented is not political, nor was the art created for social purposes, its social impact or social and criminological connection with deviance is a consequence of the “where” the assembled parts were found. The matter collected is transformed and its shapes and its source can now be seen and confronted, rather than avoided. Broken parts become a new whole, and also herein lies another symbolic connection with the world of deviance as far as the obvious possibility for change and transformation, relevant to broken lives and broken communities.

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The Power of a Bad Example -- A Field Experiment in Household Garbage Disposal

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Occurrence and Degradation of Single-Use Plastic in Coastal Area

Occurrence and Degradation of Single-Use Plastic in Coastal Area

Determinants of Littering: An Experimental Analysis

From Social Deviance to Art: Vandalism, Illicit Dumping, and the Transformation of Matter and Form

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