The power of choice: Experimental evidence that freedom to choose a vaccine against COVID-19 improves willingness to be vaccinated

Sprengholz, Philipp; Eitze, Sarah; Korn, Lars; Siegers, Regina; Betsch, Cornelia

doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.03.015

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Moreover, the highest weight compared to the other factors considered in the model highlights the importance of this construct. These findings corroborate those by Sprengholz et al [ 34 ] who found that willingness to be vaccinated increased when people were assigned to their preferred vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…More than 20 countries stopped distributing that vaccine for a week or more. To our knowledge, only one experimental study in Germany [ 34 ] evidenced that the willingness to be vaccinated increased when the vaccine preferences (i.e., the BioNTech vaccine vs. the AstraZeneca vaccine) were taken into account. Moreover, when participants were asked which vaccine they would prefer (in February 2021), 46.2% of them favored the BioNTech vaccine, whereas only 2.3% chose the AstraZeneca vaccine, and 29.4% had no preferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting Hesitancy to mRNA and Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines among College Students in Italy

et al. 2021

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Vaccine hesitancy (VH) may be significant in jeopardizing efforts to mass containment of COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a sample of 2667 Italian college students, before the COVID-19 vaccines became available for this age group (from 7 May to 31 May 2021). An online survey was created to obtain information about socio-demographic, health-related, and psychological factors linked to mRNA and viral vector COVID-19 vaccines. Statistically significant higher VH (30.4%) and vaccine resistance (12.2%) rates were found for viral vector than mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (7.2% and 1.0%, respectively; p < 0.001). Factors related to viral vector VH were partially different from those related to mRNA VH. Students with greater endorsement on conspiracy statements and negative attitudes toward the vaccine had higher odds of being vaccine-hesitant or -resistant. Students who had received a previous COVID-19 test and who scored higher on the agreeableness personality dimension had lower odds to be vaccine-hesitant or -resistant. The willingness to choose the vaccine was related to the viral vector but not to the mRNA VH. Taking into consideration the factors involved in vaccine hesitancy/resistance in college students could represent a key public health strategy to increase vaccine coverage and reduce viral spreading.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Hesitancy to mRNA and Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines among College Students in Italy

et al. 2021

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“…[28][29][30]32,33 Offering choice in the vaccine process was perceived as facilitating a sense of control and influencing willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. 34 Choice should be offered in as many aspects of the vaccination process as possible to facilitate trust and transparency. The influence of social support is a known tool in increasing behaviors to vaccinate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Access Among Black and Latinx Communities

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCEBlack and Latinx communities have faced disproportionate harm from the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and access has the potential to mitigate mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 for all communities, including those most impacted by the pandemic. OBJECTIVE To investigate and understand factors associated with facilitating and obstructing COVID-19 vaccine access and acceptance among Black and Latinx communities. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This community-partnered qualitative study conducted semistructured, in-depth focus groups with Black and Latinx participants from March 17 to March 29, 2021, using a secure video conferencing platform. Participants were recruited through emails from local community-based organizations, federally qualified health centers, social service agencies, the New Haven, Connecticut, Health Department, and in-person distribution of study information from community health workers. A total of 8 focus groups were conducted, including 4 in Spanish and 4 in English, with 72 participants from a diverse range of community roles, including teachers, custodial service workers, and health care employees, in New Haven, Connecticut. Data were analyzed from March 17 to July 30, 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESInterviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach. Themes and subthemes were identified on the acceptability and accessibility of the COVID-19 vaccine among participants who identified as Black and/or Latinx. RESULTS Among 72 participants, 36 (50%) identified as Black, 28 (39%) as Latinx, and 8 (11%) as Black and Latinx and 56 (78%) identified as women and 16 (22%) identified as men. Participants described 3 major themes that may represent facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccinations: pervasive mistreatment of Black and Latinx communities and associated distrust; informing trust via trusted messengers and messages, choice, social support, and diversity; and addressing structural barriers to vaccination access. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe findings of this qualitative study may impact what health care systems, public health officials, policy makers, health care practitioners, and community leaders can do to facilitate equitable uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. Community-informed insights are imperative to facilitating COVID-19 vaccine access and acceptance among communities hardest hit by the pandemic. Preventing the further widening of inequities and addressing structural barriers to vaccination access are vital to protecting all communities, especially Black and Latinx individuals who have experienced disproportionate death and loss from COVID-19.

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“…A substantial and significant effect of vaccine efficacy was found in Australia, where consumers were found to be willing to pay US$23.92 for a 1% increase in vaccine efficacy; this implies a US$360 increase in WTP when comparing, for example, COVID-19 vaccines with 84% and 99% efficacy levels (minimum and maximum levels used in that study). Moreover, some literature indicates that vaccine uptake can be increased if people are provided the freedom to choose the vaccine they believe is best (e.g., vaccines with higher efficacy levels) [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Demand and Financial Incentives

Carpio

Coman

Sarasty

et al. 2021

Appl Health Econ Health Policy

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Background Public health experts estimate that only very high COVID-19 vaccine uptake levels can result in herd immunity. Objective This study’s main objective was to evaluate the impact of vaccine price levels, including payments, and the efficacy levels on COVID-19 vaccine demand. Methods Data for this study were collected from an online survey of 2000 US individuals aged 18 years and older, which included a set of contingent valuation questions. Parametric and nonparametric procedures were used to estimate the distribution of willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept values for the vaccine and to assess its association with vaccine efficacy levels (50, 70, and 95%). Results Most of the individuals (60%) indicated they were willing to pay a positive amount for the vaccine; 13.7% said they would only accept the vaccine if it were free; 14.1% were willing to take the vaccine only if they were paid; and 12.2% were not willing to accept the vaccine. The vaccine efficacy level was found to affect an individual’s demand for the vaccine. Estimated mean willingness-to-pay values were: US$594, US$706, and US$723 for vaccines with efficacy levels of 50, 70, and 95%, respectively. Conclusions US individuals highly value the COVID-19 vaccine, and about 88% of the US population would accept the vaccination; however, 14% indicated they would get vaccinated if compensated. Payments of about US$500 or more would be needed to sufficiently incentivize 50% or more of this group vaccinated.

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The power of choice: Experimental evidence that freedom to choose a vaccine against COVID-19 improves willingness to be vaccinated

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Factors Affecting Hesitancy to mRNA and Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines among College Students in Italy

Factors Affecting Hesitancy to mRNA and Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines among College Students in Italy

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Access Among Black and Latinx Communities

COVID-19 Vaccine Demand and Financial Incentives

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