For this reason, scholars call for better contextual understandings of teachers' curricularinstructional gatekeeping (Thornton, 1989; Vinson, 1998). Rural-specific examples of this phenomenon remain largely unexamined (Martin & Chiodo, 2007; Pattison-Meek, 2012), though rural schools make up 32.9% of all schools in the United States (Johnson, Showalter, Klein, & Lester, 2014) and rural communities offer distinct socio-geographic and socio-cultural contexts (Brown & Schafft, 2011). To address this research deficit, the current study sampled five government teachers in rural schools to examine their conceptualizations of citizenship education, perceptions of place, and the influences that affect their curricular-instructional gatekeeping. This study adopted a social constructionist perspective to explore the values and meanings participants placed on citizenship within their rural contexts. It utilized a grounded theory research design to sample government teachers from four "distant-rural" schools and collect data from three sources: interviews, classroom observations, and teaching artifacts. A constant comparison method of data analysis produced a theory to describe citizenship education in rural contexts. The theory consists of three themes that emerged from the data: (1) citizenship education as practical knowledge; (2) place-based learning for future (dis)placements; and (3) the gatekeeping triad. Descriptions of these themes and their relationships with one another illuminate the practices of citizenship education in rural areas and provide knowledge of the rural conditions that influence it. Findings suggest government teachers in rural areas need to become more critical of their treatment of place and citizenship to encourage place-conscious civic life. iii IN DEDICATION To my wife Hope You are a constant source of love, support, and inspiration. Without you, this dissertation would not have been possible. You encouraged me to pursue my doctorate. You supported me while I completed this research. No one knows my journey more intimately. You celebrated the highs with me and alleviated the lows. Most importantly, you believe in me like no one ever has before and it makes me a better man. Thank you. I love you. To my daughter Rosaline This journey started before you were born, but you showed up in time to help daddy finish. In the last month of writing, I cradled you in my arms while I typed. I hope this dissertation inspires you to discover the joys of learning and to pursue your dreams. I want you to live life passionately, learn deeply, love endlessly, and work to improve our world. Daddy loves you. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you Dr. Robert Waterson for your advice and scholarly insights throughout my doctoral journey. From my first day on campus, you took serious my desires to become a scholar and offered me candid conversations about higher education and the research process. You were always selfless with your time. Thank you for involving me with the many programs and projects of the Center for Democracy ...