“…The previous studies had shown the PBL was a powerful pedagogical approach to promote CT (e.g. Joe & Elizabeth, 1999;Magnusseen, Ishida, & Itano, 2000;Celia & Gordon, 2001;Cook & Moyle, 2002;Williams, 2002;Yuan & Qian, 2003;Wang, Lu, & Ze, 2004;Choi, 2004;Tiwari, Lai, So, & Yeun, 2006;Wang, Tsai, Chiang, Lai, & Lin, 2008;Yuan, Williams, & Fan, 2008;Ozturk, Muslub, & Diclea, 2008;Kek & Huijser, 2011;Martyn, Terwijn, Kek, & Huijser, in press;Choi, Lindquist, & Song, in press). For the CTD, PBL promoted the senior nursing students' truth-seeking and openmindedness (Tiwari et al, 2006;Ozturk et al, 2008).…”