The power of words: On item-specific stimulus–response associations formed in the absence of action.

Pfeuffer, Christina U.; Moutsopoulou, Karolina; Pfister, Roland; Waszak, Florian; Kiesel, Andrea

doi:10.1037/xhp0000317

Cited by 37 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Specifically, persisting activation of a binding pattern from the previous trial is assumed to interfere with selecting a different binding pattern in the current trial (retrospective interference, equivalent to response repetition/switch effects in single task control, see Bertelson, 1965; see also Janczyk, 2016, for between-trial modulations of the backward crosstalk effect in dual tasks). Additionally, and more relevant for the present study, we assumed that all task-relevant binding patterns are activated to some extent (i.e., prepared) and thus held in memory based on task instructions (e.g., see Pfeuffer et al, 2017, on explicit rule implementation). As a result, this baseline activation of all potentially upcoming binding patterns should impact on each individual mapping selection in a current trial and make it more difficult to coordinate both responses simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-modal Action Complexity: Action- and Rule-related Memory Retrieval in Dual-response Control

Pieczykolan

Huestegge

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Normally, we do not act within a single effector system only, but rather coordinate actions across several output modules (cross-modal action). Such cross-modal action demands can vary substantially with respect to their complexity in terms of the number of task-relevant response combinations and to-be-retrieved stimulus–response (S–R) mapping rules. In the present study, we study the impact of these two types of cross-modal action complexity on dual-response costs (i.e., performance differences between single- and dual-action demands). In Experiment 1, we combined a manual and an oculomotor task, each involving four response alternatives. Crucially, one (unconstrained) condition involved all 16 possible combinations of response alternatives, whereas a constrained condition involved only a subset of possible response combinations. The results revealed that preparing for a larger number of response combinations yielded a significant, but moderate increase in dual-response costs. In Experiment 2, we utilized one common lateralized auditory (e.g., left) stimulus to trigger incompatible response compounds (e.g., left saccade and right key press or vice versa). While one condition only involved one set of task-relevant S–R rules, another condition involved two sets of task-relevant rules (coded by stimulus type: noise/tone), while the number of task-relevant response combinations was the same in both conditions. Here, an increase in the number of to-be-retrieved S–R rules was associated with a substantial increase in dual-response costs that were also modulated on a trial-by-trial basis when switching between rules. Taken together, the results shed further light on the dependency of cross-modal action control on both action- and rule-related memory retrieval processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-modal Action Complexity: Action- and Rule-related Memory Retrieval in Dual-response Control

Pieczykolan

Huestegge

2017

Front. Psychol.

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“…Nonetheless, this shift in emphasis was apparently not enough to allow the formation of stable S-R associations in the absence of an overt response (cf. Pfeuffer et al, 2017; Aim 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enter (the participant had to enter the response code manually), Speak (the participant had to speak the response code vocally), and Listen (the participant had to listen to the correct response code being spoken to them via the computer speakers, equivalent to the 'verbal coding' condition of Pfeuffer et al, 2017. Longman, Milton, and colleagues (2018) determined what was learned by computing the difference in performance between the end of the learning block and the start of the test block.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspired by the work of Moutsopoulou and colleagues (2012Moutsopoulou and colleagues ( , 2013Moutsopoulou and colleagues ( , 2015, Pfeuffer and colleagues (Pfeuffer, Hosp, Kimmig, Moutsopoulou, Waszak, & Kiesel, 2018;Pfeuffer, Moutsopoulou, Pfister, Waszak, & Kiesel, 2017; extended instruction-based automaticity to S-A and S-C associations. Specifically, they adapted the priming paradigm of Moutsopoulou and colleagues such that, in some blocks (the 'verbal coding' blocks) participants did not have to perform any action during the priming phase but were merely required to passively listen to the classification and correct response being spoken to them via headphones (e.g., "mechanical, left") while the stimulus was visible 1 .…”

Section: Learning Via Instructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learning in the absence of overt practice: a novel (previously unseen) stimulus can trigger retrieval of an unpracticed response

Longman

Kiesel

Verbruggen

2018

Psychological Research

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“…at test) did lead to decision/action response incongruence for both the selected item (e.g., desk was the chosen item at study, but should not be selected at test) and nonselected item (e.g., flowerpot was not the chosen item at study, but had to be selected at test). Because decision/action responses were congruent for selected and nonselected items in the "same" task, one would have expected less item S-R priming in the recombination condition in the "reverse" than "same" task, if, as suggested by the single-item priming literature, S-R incongruence at the decision/action level affects both accuracy and RT item priming (Denkinger & Koutstaal, 2009;Dennis & Perfect, 2013;Horner & Henson, 2009;Pfeuffer, Hosp, et al, 2018a;Pfeuffer, Pfister, Moutsopoulou, Waszak, & Kiesel, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Study–test congruence of response levels in item stimulus–response priming

Gomes

Mayes

2020

Mem Cogn

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We investigated stimulus-response (S-R) memory links during object priming using a binary associative size judgement paradigm. At study, participants decided which of two objects was bigger in real life and, at test, made the same or the reverse judgement. We examined the effects of response congruence on item S-R priming in the associative paradigm. In Experiment 1, a task reversal manipulation had minimal impact on RT priming when classifications were congruent for both recombined objects between study and test. Experiment 2 found that RT priming was more disrupted by classification incongruence of the selected than of the nonselected item alone, with incongruence of the nonselected object having no effect on RTs. Experiment 3, however, found that classification incongruence of both items eliminated RT priming, indicating that a significant effect of classification incongruence for the nonselected item is only evident if both items are classification-incongruent. Finally, across all experiments, we found that accuracy was more sensitive than RTs to decision/action incongruence. We interpret these findings in light of a two-stream account of S-R priming, and suggest a few extensions to account for interactions between S-R links of recombined items.

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The power of words: On item-specific stimulus–response associations formed in the absence of action.

Cited by 37 publications

References 44 publications

Cross-modal Action Complexity: Action- and Rule-related Memory Retrieval in Dual-response Control

Cross-modal Action Complexity: Action- and Rule-related Memory Retrieval in Dual-response Control

Learning in the absence of overt practice: a novel (previously unseen) stimulus can trigger retrieval of an unpracticed response

Study–test congruence of response levels in item stimulus–response priming

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