2004
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00134.2004
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The powerful microbubble: from bench to bedside, from intravascular indicator to therapeutic delivery system, and beyond

Abstract: This review discusses the development, current applications, and therapeutic potential of ultrasound contrast agents. Microbubbles containing gases act as true, intravascular indicators, permitting a noninvasive, quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of blood flow and volumes within the microvasculature. These shelled microbubbles are near-perfect reflectors of acoustic ultrasound energy and, when injected intravenously into the bloodstream, reflect ultrasound waves within the capilla… Show more

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Cited by 206 publications
(159 citation statements)
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“…No data have been reported in vivo. Finally, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (microbubbles) provides high-quality images of human plaque microvessels in carotid lesions 70 and may also facilitate imaging neovessels in coronary lesions. 71 Despite these preliminary results, multiple limitations of each of these techniques oriented the field toward molecular imaging.…”
Section: Neovascularization and Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…No data have been reported in vivo. Finally, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (microbubbles) provides high-quality images of human plaque microvessels in carotid lesions 70 and may also facilitate imaging neovessels in coronary lesions. 71 Despite these preliminary results, multiple limitations of each of these techniques oriented the field toward molecular imaging.…”
Section: Neovascularization and Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A large number of techniques are available to evaluate blood flow in tissue. Among the most widely used are: venous occlusion plethysmography, microsphere injection, 15 O PET, sestamibi 99m Te SPECT, 133 Xe SPECT, first-pass iodinated contrast CT scan, first-pass Gd-chelates MRI and microbubbleassisted ultrasound (74)(75)(76)(77).…”
Section: Nmr Determination Of Skeletal Muscle Perfusion: a Key-role Fmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…75 Subsequently, these phagocytosed microbubbles generate characteristic echogenic features that can be used to identify their distribution within the plaque with realtime intravascular ultrasonography. [76][77][78] Vavuranakis et al 76 used contrast enhancement with microbubbles in both animal and human models to detect blood flow into the coronary lumen and perivascular flow, as part of contrast-enhanced sonographic images. 79 In a porcine model, 11 regions of interest within the left anterior descending coronary arteries and left circumflex arteries, including perivascular structures, were compared with corresponding gray-scale intravascular sonography levels before and after the injection of SonoVue contrast (0.06 mL/kg; Bracco Diagnostics, Princeton, New Jersey).…”
Section: Microbubblesmentioning
confidence: 99%