The Practical Application of Surface Electrical Resistivity to Detection of Ground‐Water Pollution

Urish, Daniel W.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00711.x

Cited by 72 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Direct-current (DC) resistivity geophysical surveys are used to measure electrical contrasts between different types of aquifer material and variations in groundwater chemistry. Water with a high SC will produce a decrease in resistivity measured by electrical geophysical methods (Urish, 1983). Contamination in the Columbia aquifer at the SCD site is commonly associated with groundwater having SC greater than 200 µS/cm, though the known Potomac aquifer contaminants are not associated with elevated SC (M.J. Brayton, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2008).…”

Section: Methods Of Surface Geophysical Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Investigation of Paleochannels and Groundwater Specific Conductance using Direct-Current Resistivity and Surface-Wave Seismic Geophysical Surveys at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc., Superfund Site, Delaware City, Delaware, 2008

Degnan¹,

Brayton²

2010

Open-File Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.Suggested citation: Degnan, J.R., and Brayton, M.J., 2010, Preliminary investigation of paleochannels and groundwater specific conductance using direct-current resistivity and surface-wave seismic geophysical surveys at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc., Superfund Site, Delaware City, Delaware, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1058, 27 p., at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1058/. iii AcknowledgmentsThe authors of this report would like to recognize the work and dedication of Bernice Pasquini Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 25°C).Resistivity is given in Ohm meters. ACRONYMS USED IN AbstractThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Region III of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the State of Delaware, is conducting an ongoing study of the water-quality and hydrogeologic properties of the Columbia and Potomac aquifers and the extent of cross-aquifer contamination with benzene; chlorobenzene; 1,2-dichlorobenzene; 1,4-dichlorobenzene; and hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid when dissolved in water) in the vicinity of the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. (SCD), Superfund Site, Delaware City, Delaware. Surface geophysical surveys and well data were used to identify and correlate low-permeability units (clays) across the site and to search for sand and gravel filled paleochannels that are potential conduits and receptors of contaminated groundwater and (or) Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) contaminants. The combined surveys and well data were also used to characterize areas of the site that have groundwater with elevated (greater than 1,000 microsiemens per centimeter) specific conductance (SC) as a result of contamination.The most electrically conductive features measured with direct-current (DC) resistivity at the SCD site are relatively impermeable clays and permeable sediment that are associated with elevated SC in groundwater. Many of the resistive features include paleochannel deposits consisting of coarse-grained sediments that are unsaturated, have low (less than 200 microsiemens per centimeter) SC pore water, or are cemented. Groundwater in uncontaminated parts of the Columbia aquifer and of the Potomac aquifer ...

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Section: Methods Of Surface Geophysical Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Investigation of Paleochannels and Groundwater Specific Conductance using Direct-Current Resistivity and Surface-Wave Seismic Geophysical Surveys at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc., Superfund Site, Delaware City, Delaware, 2008

Degnan¹,

Brayton²

2010

Open-File Report

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“…STOLLAR et ROUX (1975) et URISH (1983 montrent que la résistivité électrique permet de déli-miter efficacement les zones contaminées par le lixiviat. A Borden en Ontario, on a en plus utilisé avec succès les méthodes électromagnétiques par induction et VLF (GREENBOUSE et HARRIS, 1983).…”

Section: Détermination Du Panache De Contaminationunclassified

Performance des lieux d'enfouissement sanitaire de Laterrière et de Ste-Sophie, Québec, Canada

Gélinas¹,

Locat²,

Drouin³

2005

rseau

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Ce travail décrit les caractéristiques hydrogéologiques et chimiques de deux lieux d'enfouissement de déchets municipaux localisés au Québec. Le site de Laterrière est en opération depuis 1971 dans une ancienne sablière. Sous les dépôts meubles, la topographie du sotte rocheux est marquée par une vallée qui forme une limite imperméable à l'aquifère de sable et impose un écoulement convergent de l'eau souterraine vers la rivière Chicoutimi. Le site de Ste-Sophie, en opération depuis 1976, repose sur une couche de 3,5 mètres de sables fins saturés recouvrant un lit d'argile marine. La surélévation de la nappe dans les déchets favorise un écoulement divergent vers le périmètre de la zone d'enfouissement.Un réseau de piézomètres installé en bordure des deux sites a permis pendant trente mois de prélever des échantillons d'eau et de les analyser. Dans chaque panache de contamination, l'alcalinité, les ions majeurs Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl¯, le fer, le manganèse, l'azote total et ammoniacal, les DCO et DBO5 montrent des concentrations généralement supérieures à celles de L'eau naturelle ambiante. A proximité des deux Lieux d'enfouissement, les teneurs en cadmium, chrome, nickel et plomb excèdent les normes québécoises de potabiLité de l'eau. Dans chaque cas, ta distribution des contaminants est surtout régie par le réseau d'écoulement. La dispersion hydrodynamique et les réactions géochimiques dans le sous-sol sont des processus importants d'atténuation des contaminants.This paper describes the hydrogeological and geochemical features of two sanitary landfill sites located in the Province of Quebec : Laterriere and Ste-Sophie. The main objective is to evaluate the leachate attenuation performance of each site. For this project, the Quebec Ministry of the Environment chose two sites with contrasting hydrogeological settings.The Laterriere landfill, in operation since 1971, covers an area of about 32 ha. The refuse is deposited in an old sandpit and the landfill boundary is located 400 meters away from the Chicoutimi River, 25 meters above the stream water level. The bedrock topography shows a valley under the landfill which acts an an impervious base for the sand aquifer and induces a convergent groundwater flow towards the river.The Ste-Sophie landfill covers an area of 48 ha and began operating in 1976. The refuse zone is located on flat ground 350 meters away from the Ruisseau-aux-Castors. The refuse is deposited on a 3.5 meter layer of fine sands nearly saturated overlying a marine clay bed. A water table mound is observed beneath the landfill, resulting in diverging low lines outward from the center of the Landfill.For each site, the occurence and migration of contaminants was investigated using networks of piezometers. Sampling was performed monthly over a period of thirty months and thirty parameters were analyzed on each sample. The analytical results were entered in a database and treated by statistical methods.The shape of each contamination plume is controlled mainly by the groundwater flow system. At Laterrie...

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“…Details on effective sampling rate and high quality data requirements for high target definition in an area geometrically constrained with complex subsurface conditions using resistivity techniques are suggested in [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Aquifer Transmissivity Using Dar Zarrouk Parameters Derived from Surface Resistivity Measurements: A Case History from Parts of Enugu Town (Nigeria)

Utom¹,

Odoh²,

Okoro³

2012

JWARP

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Many investigation techniques are commonly employed with the aim of estimating the spatial distribution of transmissivity. Unfortunately, the conventional methods for the determination of hydraulic parameters such as pumping tests, permeameter measurements and grain size analysis are invasive and relatively expensive. A geoelectric investigation involving vertical electrical sounding was carried in parts of Enugu town, Enugu state, Nigeria. The survey was aimed at extrapolating the result of pumping tests over an area. Using the Dar Zarrouk parameter, a β constant of 0.32 was found to translate resistivity to transmissivity with clay content as the primary factor controlling the hydraulic conductivity. Results of the study show a strong correlation between aquifer transmissivity and longitudinal conductance (R 2 = 0.82). Estimation of aquifer transmissivity values based on the results of the resistivity measurements also made it possible to demarcate area with good groundwater potential in parts of Enugu town, Nigeria.

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The Practical Application of Surface Electrical Resistivity to Detection of Ground‐Water Pollution

Cited by 72 publications

References 12 publications

Preliminary Investigation of Paleochannels and Groundwater Specific Conductance using Direct-Current Resistivity and Surface-Wave Seismic Geophysical Surveys at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc., Superfund Site, Delaware City, Delaware, 2008

Preliminary Investigation of Paleochannels and Groundwater Specific Conductance using Direct-Current Resistivity and Surface-Wave Seismic Geophysical Surveys at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc., Superfund Site, Delaware City, Delaware, 2008

Performance des lieux d'enfouissement sanitaire de Laterrière et de Ste-Sophie, Québec, Canada

Estimation of Aquifer Transmissivity Using Dar Zarrouk Parameters Derived from Surface Resistivity Measurements: A Case History from Parts of Enugu Town (Nigeria)

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