The practice of applying health risk assessment in the Federal Project “Clean Air” in the participating cities (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk): problems and prospects

Abstract

Introduction. The object of the study is the results obtained during the implementation of the Federal Project (FP) “Clean Air” in 2020 in the supervised participating cities and the assessment of the possibility of implementing the tasks set for Rospotrebnadzor for effective health risk management, reducing morbidity and mortality of the population. The purpose of the study is to assess the risk to public health according to the summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution in the cities of Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk during the implementation of the FP “Clean Air” (baseline, 2017). Materials and methods. The primary approach to implementing the FP “Clean Air” in 2020 is to use the initial data (summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution) and obtain on their basis the levels of exposure and risks to public health. A software product of the “Ecolog-Gorod” series was used to calculate single and average annual concentrations. The health risk assessment procedure was carried out under the requirements of the manual R 2.1.10.1920-04. Results. Studies were conducted to assess the risk to public health based on the data of summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution in the cities participating in the FP “Clean Air” (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk) in 2017 before the start of the measures provided for by the Comprehensive Plans to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air. The assessment of the public health risk from atmospheric air pollution made it possible to establish: priority compounds contained in industrial emissions, the primary industrial sources and their share contribution, as well as the contribution of motor transport and independent heat supply sources emissions to the formation of pollution levels in cities; the population exposed to unacceptable risk levels were determined; substances that should be taken into account when quoting emissions were identified. The variants of improving the quality of preparation of the initial data of summary calculations for health risk assessment are recommended. Conclusion. There are suggested approaches to improving the quality of preparation of initial data of consolidated calculations for health risk assessment.

Scientific substantiation of priority chemicals, objects for setting quotas and trends in mitigating airborne public health risks within activities per-formed by the sanitary service of the Russian Federation

“…Thus, for example, economic indicators can be used as a target function (optimization criteria) apart from the total mass of emissions; they can be, for example, minimal financial expenses on environmental protection. Functional that reflects regularities in growing total expenses on activities aimed at reducing emissions (tons/year) can be applied as an optimization criterion based on an assumption __________________________ T a b l e 4 Substantiating regulatory actions aimed at reducing risks of the nervous diseases down to their acceptable levels under exposure to manganese and its compounds emitted into ambient air that the latter are inversely proportionate to a relative change in their mass flow (10).…”

“…Applied approaches included selecting priority substances as per their contributions to the total gross mass of emissions; as per a rank of a numeric value calculated for ratios between masses of emissions and maximum permissible concentrations or complex indexes of ambient air pollution [6,7]; as per substances being able to produce mutagenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic effects [8]. Since the Guide entitled 'Human Health Risk Assessment from Environmental Chemicals' was published in Russia 10 , it has become quite a common practice to identify priority chemicals as per a hazard index value. This value is determined considering reference levels of a given substance and preset weight factors to estimate carcinogenic and / or noncarcinogenic effects [9,10].…”

“…Since the Guide entitled 'Human Health Risk Assessment from Environmental Chemicals' was published in Russia 10 , it has become quite a common practice to identify priority chemicals as per a hazard index value. This value is determined considering reference levels of a given substance and preset weight factors to estimate carcinogenic and / or noncarcinogenic effects [9,10].…”

Analysis of environmental problems based on social media data (on the example of atmospheric air quality)

“…Magnitogorsk is frequently mentioned in publications as city with difficult environmental situation, especially in terms of the air pollution [3][4]. This city is included into the list of participants of the federal project 'Clean Air', the goal of which is to improve the environmental situation and to reduce the air contamination.…”

Scientific substantiation of priority chemicals, objects for setting quotas and trends in mitigating airborne public health risks within activities per-formed by the sanitary service of the Russian Federation

“…К таким документам можно отнести списки приоритетных веществ, публикуемые Агентством по токсическим веществам 6 , Приказ Минприроды РФ «О Порядке установления источников выбросов вредных (загрязняющих) веществ в атмосферный воздух, подлежащих государственному учету и нормированию, и о Перечне вредных (загрязняющих) веществ, подлежащих государственному учету и нормированию» 7 , Письмо Минздрава РФ о списке приоритетных веществ, содержащихся в окружающей среде, и их влиянии на здоровье населения 8 Применялся выбор приоритетов по вкладу в суммарную валовую массу выбросов, по рангу числового значения отношения масс выбросов и предельно допустимым концентрациям или комплексным индексам загрязнения атмосферы [6,7], по наличию у химических веществ мутагенных, канцерогенных, тератогенных свойств [8]. C появлением российского «Руководства по оценке риска здоровью населения при воздействии веществ, загрязняющих окружающую среду» 10 широко распространилась практика выделения приоритетных веществ по величине индекса опасности, при определении которого учитываются референтные уровни химического вещества и задаваемые весовые коэффициенты для оценки канцерогенных и / или неканцерогенных эффектов [9,10].…”