The pre‐Columbian dog from Arica, Chile

Allison, Marvin J.; Focacci, Guillermo; Santoro, Calógero M.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330590310

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Though C. familiaris, which co-evolved along with humans in Eurasia, is found early in the archeological record of North America, probably as a result of Bering Strait crossings, they arrive much later in South America. Dogs are reported from 4,5 kya in Ecuador and the coast of Peru (Stahl 1984;Salomon and Stahl 2008;Stahl 2012), and up to 10 kya in other parts of the Americas (Allison et al 1982;van Asch et al 2013, Perri et al 2018.…”

Section: South American Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of canids in Chile and impacts on prey adaptations

Silva

Root‐Bernstein

2021

Preprint

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Artiodactyl prey species of Chile, especially guanacos (Lama guanicoe) are reported to be very susceptible to predation by pack hunting feral dogs. It has been previously suggested that guanacos and endemic South American deer may have evolved in the absence of pack-hunting cursorial predators. However, the paleoecology of canid presence in southern South America and Chile is unclear. Here, we review the literature on South American and Chilean canids, their distributions, ecologies and hunting behaviour. We consider both wild and domestic canids, including Canis familiaris breeds. We establish two known antipredator defense behaviours of guanacos: predator inspection of ambush predators, e.g. Puma concolor, and rushing at and kicking smaller cursorial predators, e.g. Lycalopex culpaeus. We propose that since the late Pleistocene extinction of hypercarnivorous group-hunting canids east of the Andes, there were no native species creating group-hunting predation pressures on guanacos. Endemic deer of Chile may have never experienced group hunting selection pressure from native predators. Even hunting dogs (or other canids) used by indigenous groups in the far north and extreme south of Chile (and presumably the center as well) appear to have been used primarily within ambush hunting strategies. This may account for the susceptibility of guanacos and other prey species to feral dog attacks. We detail seven separate hypotheses that require further investigation in order to assess how best to respond to the threat posed by feral dogs to the conservation of native deer and camelids in Chile and other parts of South America.

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Section: South American Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of canids in Chile and impacts on prey adaptations

Silva

Root‐Bernstein

2021

Preprint

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“…Other spontaneously mummified dogs have been found at Arica in the Atacama Desert (Allison et al 1982), dating to 500 BC-AD1500. One animal was buried without grave goods, and another was associated with a human burial.…”

Section: South American Animal Mummiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Mummies in Ancient Egypt and South America

Ikram¹

2020

The Handbook of Mummy Studies

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While formal animal burials are known from Egypt from the earliest periods of its history, anthropogenically mummified animals are known sporadically from the Old Kingdom (c. 2600-2100 BC) onward, becoming increasingly common in the New Kingdom (c. 1549-1030 BC), and then enjoying an unprecedented popularity from the Late Period (c. 660 BC) until the Christian domination (c. middle of the fourth century AD). Different types of animal mummies are found were produced in Egypt, particularly from the Late Period onward, when they number in the millions. These objects provide an insight into ancient Egyptian religious beliefs, relationship with animals, animal husbandry, the changing environment, trade, economy, medical/veterinary expertise, and scientific knowledge. Animal burials are also known from South America, but are less widespread than those found in Egypt, and tend to be naturally desiccated rather than anthropogenically S. Ikram (*)

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“…As part of this practice, Indigenous tribes implemented a range of diverse strategies for domestication, culling populations, and caring for maternal health (e.g., Bozell 1988). The usage of dogs by Native Americans is geographically and temporally variable, with dogs being used for hunting, transport, food, rituals, company, and defense (e.g., Allen 1920, Allison et al 1982, Barsh et al 2002, Bozell 1988, Teit 1909, Winship 1904. In the case of Caribbean groups, and some cultures of southeastern USA (Florida), dog eating was a habit, although in some cases rarely practiced by some groups in stratified societies (Wing 1978, Clayton et al 1993 (Frazer 1910).…”

Section: Non-traditional Uses Of Dogs In the Americas -Dogs As A Sourmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Domesticated Dogs in the Americas

Segura¹,

Geiger²,

Monson³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Records of domestic dogs in the Americas include specimens from North American sites dating as far back as 10,000 to 8,400 ybp and from the Andes of South America from 5,600-5,000 ybp. Dogs accompanied humans in several migrations from Asia to America BCE, as revealed by different haplotypes reported from ancient DNA studies. Dog acquisition by Amazonian cultures began towards the end of the nineteenth century. Pre-Columbian size and shape diversity in North America is first recorded around 4,000 ybp, with varieties such as the hairless, short nosed and loberro dogs. The humped kind may represent a phenotype associated with mutations in the myostatin gene. Pre-Columbian forms from the Andes included a shepherd-like, hairless, dachshund-like, bulldog, shortened snout and long snout kinds. More than 41 domestic dog breeds that originated in the Americas are currently recognized by kennel clubs. Some records previously attributed to domestic dogs are from other canids, such as Dusicyon avus. Hybridization with wolves and coyotes may have been an old practice contributing genetic diversity to pre and post-Columbian American dogs. Archaeological, historical, and ethnographic records reveal dogs being used for hunting, transport, food, rituals, company, and defense. The Coast Salish First Nations exploited so-called woolly dogs for manufacturing blankets, with practices associated with their care and marine food diet, as documented by isotopic studies and accounts from the beginning of the nineteenth century.

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The pre‐Columbian dog from Arica, Chile

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

History of canids in Chile and impacts on prey adaptations

History of canids in Chile and impacts on prey adaptations

Animal Mummies in Ancient Egypt and South America

The History of Domesticated Dogs in the Americas

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