The prediction and/or detection of ovulation by means of urinary steroid assays

Cekan, S.Z.; Beksac, Mehmet Sinan; Wang, E.; Shi, Shuai; Masironi, Britt; Landgren, Britt-Marie; Diczfalusy, E.

doi:10.1016/0010-7824(86)90095-8

Cited by 46 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Consequently the hypothesis that low endogenous estrogen production, or high production of an drogens, may render premenopausal women at increased risk for CHD could not be confirmed. The use of urinary excretions of steroid sex hormones is valid, as these are rep resentative of plasma levels of these hormones [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary sex hormone excretions in premenopausal women and coronary heart disease risk: A nested case-referent study in the DOM-cohort

Gorgels

Graaf

Blankenstein³

et al. 1997

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

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D e p a r t m e n t o f In t e r n a l M e d ic in e , A c a d e m ic H o s p it a l U t r e c h t , D e p a r t m e n t o f Epid e m io l o g y a n d H e a l t h C a r e , U n iv e r sit y o f U t r e c h t , a n d D e p a r t m e n t o f E n d o c r in o l o g y , A c a d e m ic H o s p it a l U t r e c h t , 3508 GA U t r e c h t , T h e N e t h e r l a n d s ABSTRACT» The low incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in premenopausal women is partly ascribed to protection by endogenous estrogen production. As a consequence, we hypothesized that premenopausal women with low endogenous estrogen production or high androgen production might be at increased risk for CHD.We studied the relationship between urinary sex hormone excretions and CHD risk by means of a nested case-referent study within a cohort of premenopausal (ages 40-49 yrs) women (n = 11,284). This cohort was formed at a breast cancer screening project in 1982-1986 (The Diagnostisch Onderzoek Mammacarcinoom [DOM] Project). Baseline data included self-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. At the time of screening the women were instructed to collect an overnight urine sample on day 22 of three separate cycles. These urine samples were stored at -20°C. Up to June 1991, 45 subjects were admitted to local hospitals on diagnosis of CHD (29 with myocardial infarction, and 16 with angiographically confirmed coronary disease). Referents were sampled from the cohort, matched for age and year of screening in a 1:3 ratio. In a follow-up study, menopausal state of the subjects was assessed yearly by mailed questionnaires.Urinary excretions of estrone-glucuronide, pregnanediol-glucuronide, and testosterone-glucuronide adjusted by creatinine were similar for cases and referents. Cases had no earlier menopause than referents, although cases had more anovulatory cycles.The occurrence of CHD in middle-aged women is not preceded by a low premenopausal endogenous estrogen production or high androgen production. Anovulatory cycles appear more frequently in women who develop CHD many years later, j c lin epid em io l 5013:275-281, 1997-© 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary sex hormone excretions in premenopausal women and coronary heart disease risk: A nested case-referent study in the DOM-cohort

Gorgels

Graaf

Blankenstein³

et al. 1997

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

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“…For each sample the ratio of pregnanediol glucoronide to creatinine (PgC) in pg mg-I was calculated. Cekan et al, (1986) have demonstrated the utility of this measure in the retrospective assessment of ovulation.…”

Section: Determination Of Ovulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of moderate physical activity on menstrual cycle patterns in adolescence: Implications for breast cancer prevention

Bernstein¹,

Ross²,

Løbo³

et al. 1987

Br J Cancer

219

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Summary Girls who engage in strenuous physical activity are often amenorrheic and have recently been reported to be at a reduced risk of breast cancer. To determine whether moderate amounts of exercise affect menstrual cycle patterns and ovulatory frequency in young postmenarcheal girls, the menstrual cycles and physical activity patterns of 168 high school girls were monitored for a 6 month period. Anovulatory cycles were associated with later age at menarche, fewer elapsed years since menarche and greater levels of energy expended per week in physical activity. After adjusting for age at menarche and years since menarche, there was a significant dose-related trend in the risk of anovular menstrual cycles associated with increasing levels of physical activity (1-sided P=0.03). Major determinants of average cycle length were weekly average energy expenditure (< 750 kcal wk-1 associated with cycles that were on average 2.4 days longer), age at menarche (an increase of 0.7 days per year of age) and race (Asians having cycles about 1.9 days longer than Caucasians). Because a major determinant of breast cancer risk may be the cumulative number of ovulatory cycles, these data suggest that regular participation in moderate physical activity, by reducing the frequency of ovulatory cycles in adolescence, may provide an opportunity for the primary prevention of breast cancer.

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“…For example, all of the concentrations reported for total estrogen are equivalent across the 3 phases (ie, follicular, ovulatory, and luteal), whereas data from other investigators have clearly identified a 4-to 7-fold increase from the early follicular phase to peak levels (just before ovulation) in urinary estrogen metabolites. 5,6 The mean progesterone concentrations from Wojtys et al 14 increased by approximately 3-to 4-fold from the follicular to the luteal phase, which is substantially less than the 6-to 7-fold increase in urinary progesterone metabolite concentrations between the same phases observed in ovulatory women 5,6 but similar to the observed follicular-luteal phase difference in exercising women with LPD. 6 In another study, Slauterbeck et al 11 concluded that a greater number of ACL injuries occurred during days 1 to 2 of the menstrual cycle (early follicular).…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 62%