The predictive and prognostic value of sex in localized colorectal cancer: a SEER-based analysis

Abstract

Background: Although the influence of sex on different cancer survival has been investigated, the predictive and prognostic value of sex in localized colorectal cancer (CRC) still remain controversial.Methods: Survival was evaluated in patients who diagnosed with localized CRC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2016. Overall survival (OS) outcomes were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: We obtained a dataset that included 70,836 males and 69,705 females of localized CRC patients.Compared with males, females more often had age ≥75 years (55.1% vs. 44%), right-sided colon cancer (56.8% vs. 45.4%), and more advanced pT stage cancer (75.5% vs. 72%). In addition, we found that females had better OS than males and that sex could be an independent factor of OS in T1-3N0M0 (Stage I-II) colon cancer (regardless of right/left-sided tumour) and T1-2N0M0 (Stage I) rectal cancer (each HR <1, each P<0.05). Although a significant OS benefit was not observed in T3N0M0 rectal cancer in the overall analysis (P=0.183), females who underwent postoperative chemotherapy had better OS than males among T3N0M0 (Stage II) rectal cancer patients significantly (P<0.001).Conclusions: In our study, sex was shown to be a prognostic factor in localized-CRC. In particular, females may benefit more from postoperative chemotherapy than males with T3N0M0 (Stage II) rectal cancer.

The Prediction of Survival Outcome and Prognosis Factor in Association with Comorbidity Status in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Research-Based Study

“…While some studies have found that age and sex have little or no bearing on the risk of death in patients with colorectal cancer [ 43 ], the present study outcome shows gender to be a significant predictor of death (survival) as the male gender has about a three-fold increased risk of dying from colorectal cancer in an at-risk range of 2–9 times (95% CI) than the female patients ( p -value = 0.040). Similar findings have also been reported in several studies [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Prognostic analysis of sex and age in hepatocellular carcinoma: a SEER study

“…Numerous epidemiological studies have linked a lower risk and higher survival rate to increased estrogen exposure in adult females [ 24 , 25 ]. Selecting age 60 as the cutoff point ensures that patients older than 60 years are postmenopausal [ 8 ], further highlighting the significance of hormone levels in both sexes. Additionally, various other factors, including epigenetic and genetic factors, sex hormones, and psychosocial aspects, contribute to the observed differences.…”

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that sex is one of the key factors influencing cancer survival and prognosis, including colon [ 8 ], stomach [ 9 ], and esophageal cancers [ 10 ]. Research has shown that the majority of HCC patients are male, with a male-to-female ratio ranging between 1.5 and 4.0 [ 11 , 12 ], indicating that sex may also be a crucial factor influencing the prognosis of HCC patients.…”

Monitoring Metabolic Changes in Response to Chemotherapies in Cancer with Raman Spectroscopy and Metabolomics

“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed globally 1 and represents 9% of all new cancer cases in the United States. 2 Whereas patients with localized disease have a high survival rate, metastatic CRC is lethal with a 5 year survival of ∼13%. 3 Genomic characterization combined with immunohistochemistry analysis of tumors remains the standard practice to guide initial treatment choices.…”

“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed globally and represents 9% of all new cancer cases in the United States . Whereas patients with localized disease have a high survival rate, metastatic CRC is lethal with a 5 year survival of ∼13% .…”